Inferior Sulcus Test: Difference between revisions

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'''Original Editor '''- [[User:Tyler Shultz|Tyler Shultz]]
'''Original Editor '''- [[User:Tyler Shultz|Tyler Shultz]]  


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== Purpose  ==


== Purpose<br> ==
The sulcus test is used to assess the [[Glenohumeral Joint|glenohumeral joint]] for inferior instability, due to laxity of the superior glenohumeral ligament and coracohumeral ligament.<ref>Tzannes, A., Murrell, G. (2002). Clinical examination of the unstable shoulder. Journal of Sports Medicine. 32(7):447-57.</ref><ref>Tzannes A, Murrell GA. [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/George-Murrell/publication/11355503_Clinical_Examination_of_the_Unstable_Shoulder/links/02bfe5114217fb55e0000000/Clinical-Examination-of-the-Unstable-Shoulder.pdf Clinical examination of the unstable shoulder.] Sports Medicine. 2002 Jun;32:447-57.</ref><br>  


The Sulcus Test is used to assess the [[Glenohumeral Joint|glenohumeral joint]] for inferior instability, due to laxity of the superior glenohumeral ligament and coracohumeral ligament.<ref>Tzannes, A., Murrell, G. (2002). Clinical examination of the unstable shoulder. Journal of Sports Medicine. 32(7):447-57.</ref><br>
== Technique  ==


[[Image:Sulcus.jpg|thumb|right|Sulcus Sign]]  
The patient sits upright with their shoulder in neutral (0 degrees rotation).  The examiner  then pulls the distal part of the [[humerus]] in a caudal direction<ref name=":0">Eshoj H, Ingwersen KG, Larsen CM, Kjaer BH, Juul-Kristensen B. [https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/8/3/e018472.full.pdf Intertester reliability of clinical shoulder instability and laxity tests in subjects with and without self-reported shoulder problems.] BMJ open. 2018 Mar 1;8(3):e018472.</ref><ref>Dutton, M. (2008). Orthopaedic: Examination, evaluation, and intervention (2nd ed.). New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.</ref>. The test is considered positive when the subacromial space is more than 1cm<ref name=":0" />.<br>


== Technique<br>  ==
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The test is considered positive when a sulcus sign is seen when the examiner applies a downward force applied at the elbow while the arm in neutral rotation and resting at the patient's side.&nbsp; A sulcus is defined as a depression greater than a fingerbreadth between the lateral acromion and the head of the humerus.<ref>Dutton, M. (2008). Orthopaedic: Examination, evaluation, and intervention (2nd ed.). New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.</ref><br>


== Evidence  ==
== Evidence  ==


Provide the evidence for this technique here
The sulcus test has been shown to have significant between tester differences and has moderate reliability (κ 0.43)<ref name=":0" />
 
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== Recent Related Research (from [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ Pubmed])  ==


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== References  ==
== References  ==


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[[Category:Articles]] [[Category:Special_Tests]] [[Category:Musculoskeletal/Orthopaedics]] [[Category:Shoulder]]
[[Category:Special_Tests]]
[[Category:Shoulder]]
[[Category:Shoulder - Special Tests]]  
[[Category:Shoulder - Assessment and Examination]]  
[[Category:Musculoskeletal/Orthopaedics]]
[[Category:Sports Medicine]]
[[Category:Athlete Assessment]]
[[Category:Assessment]]

Latest revision as of 21:00, 23 May 2023

Original Editor - Tyler Shultz

Top Contributors - Rachael Lowe, Admin, Tyler Shultz, Kim Jackson, Wendy Snyders, Tony Lowe, WikiSysop, Evan Thomas, Naomi O'Reilly, Kai A. Sigel and Wanda van Niekerk

Purpose[edit | edit source]

The sulcus test is used to assess the glenohumeral joint for inferior instability, due to laxity of the superior glenohumeral ligament and coracohumeral ligament.[1][2]

Technique[edit | edit source]

The patient sits upright with their shoulder in neutral (0 degrees rotation). The examiner then pulls the distal part of the humerus in a caudal direction[3][4]. The test is considered positive when the subacromial space is more than 1cm[3].

Evidence[edit | edit source]

The sulcus test has been shown to have significant between tester differences and has moderate reliability (κ 0.43)[3]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Tzannes, A., Murrell, G. (2002). Clinical examination of the unstable shoulder. Journal of Sports Medicine. 32(7):447-57.
  2. ↑ Tzannes A, Murrell GA. Clinical examination of the unstable shoulder. Sports Medicine. 2002 Jun;32:447-57.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Eshoj H, Ingwersen KG, Larsen CM, Kjaer BH, Juul-Kristensen B. Intertester reliability of clinical shoulder instability and laxity tests in subjects with and without self-reported shoulder problems. BMJ open. 2018 Mar 1;8(3):e018472.
  4. ↑ Dutton, M. (2008). Orthopaedic: Examination, evaluation, and intervention (2nd ed.). New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
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