Hippotherapy: Difference between revisions

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Hippotherapy comes from the Ancient Greek words meaning"Horse"(Hippos) and "treatment"(therapy). <ref name=":1">Tuba Tulay Koca, Hilmi Ataseven. What is Hippotherapy? The indications and effectiveness of Hippotherapy. North Clin Istanbul. 2015;2(3):247-252. Access from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5175116/pdf/NCI-2-247.pdf (accessed 19/11/2021).</ref>  It is a medical treatment that utilizes evidence based practice and clinical reasoning to use purposeful movements of the horse to influence and engage sensory, neuromotor and cognitive systems to promote functional outcomes in individuals with mental and physical disabilities.<ref name=":0">American Hippotherapy Association, Inc. What is Hippotherapy. Available from:https://www.americanhippotherapyassociation.org/what-is-hippotherapy (accessed 19/11/2021)</ref>  
Hippotherapy comes from the Ancient Greek words meaning"Horse"(Hippos) and "treatment"(therapy). <ref name=":1">Tuba Tulay Koca, Hilmi Ataseven. What is Hippotherapy? The indications and effectiveness of Hippotherapy. North Clin Istanbul. 2015;2(3):247-252. Access from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5175116/pdf/NCI-2-247.pdf (accessed 19/11/2021).</ref>  It is a medical treatment that utilizes evidence based practice and clinical reasoning to use purposeful movements of the horse to influence and engage sensory, neuromotor and cognitive systems to promote functional outcomes in individuals with mental and physical disabilities.<ref name=":0">American Hippotherapy Association, Inc. What is Hippotherapy. Available from:https://www.americanhippotherapyassociation.org/what-is-hippotherapy (accessed 19/11/2021)</ref>  


Physiotherapists, occupational therapists and speech language pathologists integrate Hippotherapy with with other treatment tools and strategies as part of greater treatment plan to address treatment needs of individual patients.<ref name=":0" />
Physiotherapists, occupational therapists and speech language pathologists integrate Hippotherapy as part of an integrated treatment plan to address the functional limitations and impairments to improve functional skills.<ref name=":0" />  
 
==Practitioners==
 
Hippotherapy requires a specialization in most countries and can be provided by the following therapists once they have achieved the necessary training and certification. 
 
*Physiotherapists (PT)
*Occupational therapists (OT)
*Speech-language pathologists (SLP)
In North American, The American Hippotherapy Association has a licensing program to become a titled Hippotherapy Clinical Specialist (HPSC).<ref name=":0" />  


==How does it work?==
==How does it work?==


# The movement of the horses mimics the normal movements of the human pelvis when walking. The rhythmic and repetitive and multidirectional movements provided by the horse stimulates the anterior and posterior swinging movements of the patient rider.<ref name=":1" />
# The movement of the horses mimics the normal movements of the human [[pelvis]] when walking. The rhythmic and repetitive and multidirectional movements provided by the horse stimulates the anterior and posterior swinging movements of the patient rider.<ref name=":1" />
# The patient is also encouraged to achieve proper balance and posture, thus improving balance and muscle control of patients. Also helping with the development of paraspinal muscles.<ref name=":1" />   
# The patient is also encouraged to achieve proper balance and posture, thus improving balance and muscle control of patients. Also helping with the development of paraspinal muscles.<ref name=":1" />   
# The patient rider receives a large sensory and motor input from not only the horse but from those also around the horse assisting with the session.<ref name=":1" />  
# The patient rider receives a large sensory and motor input from not only the horse but from those also around the horse assisting with the session.<ref name=":1" />  


Hippotherapy, when used under the direction of a trained therapist can positively impact strength, muscle coordination and sensory processing used for walking and talking and the use of fine motor skills for activities of daily living and general attention to tasks. <ref name=":0" />
Hippotherapy, when used under the direction of a trained therapist can positively impact strength, muscle coordination and sensory processing used for walking and talking and the use of fine motor skills for activities of daily living and general attention to tasks. <ref name=":0" />
==Differentiation between Hippotherapy and Therapeutic Riding==
{| class="wikitable"
|+<ref name=":0" /><ref>Canadian Therapeutic Riding Association (CanTRA). Hippotherapy. Available from: https://www.cantra.ca/en/our-services/hippotherapy (accessed 22/11/2021)</ref>
!Hippotherapy
!Therapeutic Riding
|-
|The movement of the horse is a treatment tool
|A form of therapy with possible progression towards competitive or independent riding goals.
|-
|Specific treatment goals with outcome measures and reassesments
|Educational, recreational as well as therapeutic
|-
|Individual session
|Group or individual sessions
|-
|Horse is led or long lined by the therapist
|Horse is led, lunged or ridden independently
|-
|Sheepskin or flatbeds, occasionally a saddle
|Usually exclusively a saddle
|-
|Horse is chosen for it appropriate gait and conformation
|Chosen for height, width and temperament match with rider.
|-
|Horse facilitates the movement of the rider who has no control of the horse.
|The rider or leader influences the horse
|-
|Practised by Physical, Occupational or Speech Therapist with specific training in Hippotherapy through he American Hippotherapy Association.
|Lead by an instructor or coach with certification with the help of a therapist for consultation.
|}


== Who can benefit from Hippotherapy ==
== Who can benefit from Hippotherapy ==
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* [[Cerebral Palsy Introduction|Cerebral Palsy]]
* [[Cerebral Palsy Introduction|Cerebral Palsy]]
* [[Traumatic Brain Damage]]
* [[Overview of Traumatic Brain Injury|Traumatic Brain Injury]]
* [[Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)|Down Syndrome]]
* [[Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)|Down Syndrome]]
* [[Autism Spectrum Disorder|Autism]]
* [[Autism Spectrum Disorder|Autism]]
* [[Behavioural Disorders]]
* Behavioural Disorders
* [[Muscular Dystrophy]]
* [[Muscular Dystrophy]]
* [[Amputees]]
* [[Amputations|Amputees]]
* [[Cerebrovascular disease]]
* Cerebrovascular disease
* [[MS Multiple Sclerosis|Multiple Sclerosis]]
* [[MS Multiple Sclerosis|Multiple Sclerosis]]
* [[Psychiatric Diseases]]
* Psychiatric Diseases
* [[Spinal Cord Diseases]]
* [[Spinal Cord Injury|Spinal Cord Injuries]]
* [[Rheumatism Joint Diseases]] Etc.
* [[Rheumatoid Arthritis|Rheumatism Joint Diseases]] Etc.


<ref name=":1" />
<ref name=":1" />
==Who can provide Hippotherapy==


==Differentiation between Hippotherapy and therapeutic riding==
Hippotherapy requires a specialization in most countries and can be provided by the following therapists once they have achieved the necessary training and certification. 


{| width="500" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"
*Physiotherapists (PT)
|-
*Occupational therapists (OT)
! scope="col" | Hippotherapy&nbsp;
*Speech-language pathologists (SLP)
! scope="col" | therapeutic riding&nbsp;
 
|-
 
| Using the movement of the horse as a treatment tool&nbsp;
In North American, The American Hippotherapy Association has a licensing program to become a titled Hippotherapy Clinical Specialist (HPSC).<ref name=":0" />
| Adapted recreational horseback riding lessons&nbsp;
 
|-
==Physiotherapy and Hippotherapy==
| Completed by a professional therapist in conjunction with professional horse handler and a specially screened and trained therapy horse&nbsp;
 
| completed by a professional horseback riding instructor in conjunction with volunteers &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
With Physiotherapy, the therapist manipulates the horse's movements as well as the riders position to attain functional outcomes such as: 
|-
 
| There is direct hands on participation by the therapist at all time&nbsp;
* Gait training 
| the individual is often taught riding lessons in a group format&nbsp;
* Balance 
|-
* Postural control 
| The horse's movement is essential to assist in meeting therapy goals&nbsp;
* Strengthening 
| there is occasional hands on assistance by the riding instructor or volunteers&nbsp;
* Increasing Range of Motion 
|-
 
| Is a one on one treatment and generally occurs year-round until the patient meets discharge criteria&nbsp;
<ref name=":1" /> 
| here, the emphasis is on proper riding position and rein skills, not functional therapeutic goals&nbsp;
|}


<ref name="TherAplay">Children's Theraplay. Hippotherapy. https://www.childrenstheraplay.org/hippotherapy (accessed 10 December 2016).</ref>
In many studies, therapist lead Hippotherapy sessions have been shown to positively influence the functional mobility of children with movement disorders, such as [[Cerebral Palsy Introduction|Cerebral Palsy]]. Improvements with improved overall gross motor function, dynamic balance, and trunk postural coordination were demonstrated. <ref>Lightsey, P., Lee, Y., Krenek, N. ''et al.'' Physical therapy treatments incorporating equine movement: a pilot study exploring interactions between children with cerebral palsy and the horse. ''J NeuroEngineering Rehabil'' 2021;18:132. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-021-00929-w</nowiki></ref> As well as greater compliance and enthusiasm from patients in regards to their rehabilitation.<ref name=":1" />   


=='''Advantages'''&nbsp;==
==Benefits==
* Improvement in:  
* Improvement in:  
** Muscle tone and strength
** Muscle tone and strength
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** Sensorimotor function, &nbsp;  
** Sensorimotor function, &nbsp;  
** Oral motor, voice quality and vocal accocommunication &nbsp;
** Oral motor, voice quality and vocal accocommunication &nbsp;
<ref name="TherAplay" />
<ref name="TherAplay">Children's Theraplay. Hippotherapy. https://www.childrenstheraplay.org/hippotherapy (accessed 10 December 2016).</ref>


==References==
==References==


<references />&nbsp;
<references />&nbsp;

Revision as of 03:45, 23 November 2021

Original Editor - Asma Alshehri

Top Contributors - Asma Alshehri, Dakota Martin, Kim Jackson, Sukhi Dhaliwal, Leana Louw, George Prudden, Chelsea Mclene, Carina Therese Magtibay, Katherine Chandler and Brandon Oates

Definition [edit | edit source]

Hippotherapy comes from the Ancient Greek words meaning"Horse"(Hippos) and "treatment"(therapy). [1] It is a medical treatment that utilizes evidence based practice and clinical reasoning to use purposeful movements of the horse to influence and engage sensory, neuromotor and cognitive systems to promote functional outcomes in individuals with mental and physical disabilities.[2]

Physiotherapists, occupational therapists and speech language pathologists integrate Hippotherapy as part of an integrated treatment plan to address the functional limitations and impairments to improve functional skills.[2]

How does it work?[edit | edit source]

  1. The movement of the horses mimics the normal movements of the human pelvis when walking. The rhythmic and repetitive and multidirectional movements provided by the horse stimulates the anterior and posterior swinging movements of the patient rider.[1]
  2. The patient is also encouraged to achieve proper balance and posture, thus improving balance and muscle control of patients. Also helping with the development of paraspinal muscles.[1]
  3. The patient rider receives a large sensory and motor input from not only the horse but from those also around the horse assisting with the session.[1]

Hippotherapy, when used under the direction of a trained therapist can positively impact strength, muscle coordination and sensory processing used for walking and talking and the use of fine motor skills for activities of daily living and general attention to tasks. [2]

Differentiation between Hippotherapy and Therapeutic Riding[edit | edit source]

[2][3]
Hippotherapy Therapeutic Riding
The movement of the horse is a treatment tool A form of therapy with possible progression towards competitive or independent riding goals.
Specific treatment goals with outcome measures and reassesments Educational, recreational as well as therapeutic
Individual session Group or individual sessions
Horse is led or long lined by the therapist Horse is led, lunged or ridden independently
Sheepskin or flatbeds, occasionally a saddle Usually exclusively a saddle
Horse is chosen for it appropriate gait and conformation Chosen for height, width and temperament match with rider.
Horse facilitates the movement of the rider who has no control of the horse. The rider or leader influences the horse
Practised by Physical, Occupational or Speech Therapist with specific training in Hippotherapy through he American Hippotherapy Association. Lead by an instructor or coach with certification with the help of a therapist for consultation.

Who can benefit from Hippotherapy[edit | edit source]

The patient population for Hippotherapy consists of children with varying mental and physical disabilities. This includes but not limited to:

[1]

Who can provide Hippotherapy[edit | edit source]

Hippotherapy requires a specialization in most countries and can be provided by the following therapists once they have achieved the necessary training and certification.

  • Physiotherapists (PT)
  • Occupational therapists (OT)
  • Speech-language pathologists (SLP)


In North American, The American Hippotherapy Association has a licensing program to become a titled Hippotherapy Clinical Specialist (HPSC).[2]

Physiotherapy and Hippotherapy[edit | edit source]

With Physiotherapy, the therapist manipulates the horse's movements as well as the riders position to attain functional outcomes such as:

  • Gait training
  • Balance
  • Postural control
  • Strengthening
  • Increasing Range of Motion

[1]

In many studies, therapist lead Hippotherapy sessions have been shown to positively influence the functional mobility of children with movement disorders, such as Cerebral Palsy. Improvements with improved overall gross motor function, dynamic balance, and trunk postural coordination were demonstrated. [4] As well as greater compliance and enthusiasm from patients in regards to their rehabilitation.[1]

Benefits[edit | edit source]

  • Improvement in:
    • Muscle tone and strength
    • Gross motor skills
    • Range of motion
    • Coordination
    • Endurance
  • Advances in:
    • Balance
    • Head and trunk control
    • Body awareness
    • Posture
    • Mobility
  • Positive effects on:
    • Hand-eye coordination
    • Limbic system function related to arousal, motivation and attention
    • Sensorimotor function,  
    • Oral motor, voice quality and vocal accocommunication  

[5]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Tuba Tulay Koca, Hilmi Ataseven. What is Hippotherapy? The indications and effectiveness of Hippotherapy. North Clin Istanbul. 2015;2(3):247-252. Access from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5175116/pdf/NCI-2-247.pdf (accessed 19/11/2021).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 American Hippotherapy Association, Inc. What is Hippotherapy. Available from:https://www.americanhippotherapyassociation.org/what-is-hippotherapy (accessed 19/11/2021)
  3. ↑ Canadian Therapeutic Riding Association (CanTRA). Hippotherapy. Available from: https://www.cantra.ca/en/our-services/hippotherapy (accessed 22/11/2021)
  4. ↑ Lightsey, P., Lee, Y., Krenek, N. et al. Physical therapy treatments incorporating equine movement: a pilot study exploring interactions between children with cerebral palsy and the horse. J NeuroEngineering Rehabil 2021;18:132. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-021-00929-w
  5. ↑ Children's Theraplay. Hippotherapy. https://www.childrenstheraplay.org/hippotherapy (accessed 10 December 2016).

 

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