Gross Motor Function Classification System - Expanded and Revised (GMFCS-ER): Difference between revisions
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*'''Level III''': Walks Using a Hand-Held Mobility Device | *'''Level III''': Walks Using a Hand-Held Mobility Device | ||
*'''Level IV''': Self-Mobility with Limitations; May Use Powered Mobility | *'''Level IV''': Self-Mobility with Limitations; May Use Powered Mobility | ||
*'''Level V''': Transported in a Manual Wheelchair | *'''Level V''': Transported in a Manual Wheelchair<br><br> | ||
Children classified as Level I perform the same activities as their peers but with some degree of difficulty in speed, balance, and coordination. In contrast, children classified as Level V have difficulty in most positions controlling their head/trunk posture and voluntary control of movement.<ref name="reid et al" /> | Children classified as Level I perform the same activities as their peers but with some degree of difficulty in speed, balance, and coordination. In contrast, children classified as Level V have difficulty in most positions controlling their head/trunk posture and voluntary control of movement.<ref name="reid et al" /> | ||
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*[https://canchild.ca/system/tenon/assets/attachments/000/001/399/original/GMFCS_English_Illustrations.pdf GMFCS-ER Descriptors and Illustrations] | *[https://canchild.ca/system/tenon/assets/attachments/000/001/399/original/GMFCS_English_Illustrations.pdf GMFCS-ER Descriptors and Illustrations] | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references / | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Outcome_Measures]] [[Category:Cerebral_Palsy Outcome Measures | [[Category:Outcome_Measures]] [[Category:Cerebral_Palsy Outcome Measures]] [[Category:Assessment]] [[Category:Neurological_Conditions]] [[Category:Neurology_Assessment]] | ||
Revision as of 07:34, 28 August 2017
Original Editor - Evan Thomas
Top Contributors - Evan Thomas, Amrita Patro, Jess Bell, Robin Tacchetti, Laura Ritchie, Kim Jackson, 127.0.0.1, Oyemi Sillo, Naomi O'Reilly, WikiSysop, Amanda Ager, Carina Therese Magtibay and Sehriban Ozmen
Objective[edit | edit source]
The revised and expanded version of the GMFCS (2007) builds upon the original version of the Gross Motor Function Classification System developed in 1997 to classify and describe the abilities of children and youth with cerebral palsy. This newer version describes the movement ability of a child with cerebral palsy in one of five levels across five age ranges, with emphasis on the child’s functional ability and performance in different settings, particularly sitting, walking, and wheeled mobility.[1][2]
Intended Population[edit | edit source]
This outcome measure is intended for children and youth with CP from 0-18 years old. The GMFCS-ER contains five age groups, those being under 2 years, 2-4 years, 4-6 years, 6-12 years, and 12-18 years of age.[3]
The GMFCS-ER is available in 22 languages and has been validated in many different countries.[2]
Method of Use[edit | edit source]
Physical therapists, occupational therapists, physicians, and other health service providers familiar with movement abilities of children with CP can use the GMFCS-ER. Parents of children with CP are able to classify their children using an adapted version known as the GMFCS Family Report Questionnaire.[2]
Health care providers familiar with a child can typically classify him or her within 5 minutes. Those unfamiliar with the child may require 15 to 20 minutes to complete as more observation is required.[2]
Distinctions are usually quite clear and decisions about which level most closely represents a child's functional ability can be made quite quickly. However, distinctions between two adjacent levels can sometimes be very subtle, so more careful deliberation is required before a classification can be made.[2]
Generally, the higher the level the poorer the functional ability of the child. The theme of each level is as follows:[3]
- Level I: Walks without Limitations
- Level II: Walks with Limitations
- Level III: Walks Using a Hand-Held Mobility Device
- Level IV: Self-Mobility with Limitations; May Use Powered Mobility
- Level V: Transported in a Manual Wheelchair
Children classified as Level I perform the same activities as their peers but with some degree of difficulty in speed, balance, and coordination. In contrast, children classified as Level V have difficulty in most positions controlling their head/trunk posture and voluntary control of movement.[1]
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Evidence[edit | edit source]
Reliability[edit | edit source]
The inter-tester reliability between physiotherapists and parents has been determined to have an ICC value of 0.96 (95% CI, 0.95-0.97). This indicates that parents and clinicians can use the same terms and understand each other when determining the motor functional classification of their child if the GMFCS-ER is carefully administered.[5]
Validity[edit | edit source]
Responsiveness[edit | edit source]
Resources[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Reid S, Carlin JB, Reddihough DS. Using the Gross Motor Function Classification System to describefckLRpatterns of motor severity in cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 2011; 53: 1007–1012.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 CanChild. GMFCS-ER Resources. Last Accessed July 17, 2016 from https://canchild.ca/en/resources/42-gross-motor-function-classification-system-expanded-revised-gmfcs-e-r
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Palisano R, Rosenbaum P, Bartlett D, Livingston M. GMFCS - ER (2007). CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Canada.
- ↑ Freedom Concepts. GMFCS for Cerebral Palsy. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5u2sLAznhnY [last accessed 28/08/16]
- ↑ Mutlu A, Kara OK, Gunel MK, Karahan S, Livanelioglu A. Agreement between parents and clinicians for the motor functional classification systems of children with cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil, 2011; 33(11): 927-32.
