Functional Gait Assessment: Difference between revisions
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Begin walking at your normal pace (for 1.5 m [5 ft]). When<br>I tell you “go,” walk as fast as you can (for 1.5 m [5 ft]). When I tell you<br>“slow,” walk as slowly as you can (for 1.5 m [5 ft]). | Begin walking at your normal pace (for 1.5 m [5 ft]). When<br>I tell you “go,” walk as fast as you can (for 1.5 m [5 ft]). When I tell you<br>“slow,” walk as slowly as you can (for 1.5 m [5 ft]). | ||
==== | ==== Grading ==== | ||
'''3 '''Normal, able to smoothly change walking speed without loss of balance or gait deviation. Shows a significant difference in walking speeds between normal, fast, and slow speeds. Deviates no more than 15.24 cm (6 in) outside of the 30.48-cm (12-in) walkway width. | '''3 '''Normal, able to smoothly change walking speed without loss of balance or gait deviation. Shows a significant difference in walking speeds between normal, fast, and slow speeds. Deviates no more than 15.24 cm (6 in) outside of the 30.48-cm (12-in) walkway width. | ||
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=== 3. | === 3. Gait with Horizontal Head Turns=== | ||
==== | ==== Instructions ==== | ||
Walk from here to the next mark 6 m (20 ft) away. Begin walking at your normal pace. Keep walking straight; after 3 steps, turn your head to the right and keep walking straight while looking to the right. After 3 more steps, turn your head to the left and keep walking straight while looking left. Continue alternating looking right and left every 3 steps until you have completed 2 repetitions in each direction.<br> | Walk from here to the next mark 6 m (20 ft) away. Begin walking at your normal pace. Keep walking straight; after 3 steps, turn your head to the right and keep walking straight while looking to the right. After 3 more steps, turn your head to the left and keep walking straight while looking left. Continue alternating looking right and left every 3 steps until you have completed 2 repetitions in each direction.<br> | ||
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=== 4. | === 4. Gait with Vertical Head Turns === | ||
==== Instructions ==== | ==== Instructions ==== | ||
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=== 5. | === 5. Gait and Pivot Turn === | ||
==== Instructions ==== | ==== Instructions ==== | ||
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'''0''' Severe impairment, cannot turn safely, requires assistance to turn and stop. | '''0''' Severe impairment, cannot turn safely, requires assistance to turn and stop. | ||
=== 6. | === 6. Step Over Obstacle=== | ||
==== Instructions ==== | ==== Instructions ==== | ||
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'''0''' Severe impairment, cannot perform without assistance. | '''0''' Severe impairment, cannot perform without assistance. | ||
=== 7. Gait with Narrow Base of Support === | |||
==== Instructions ==== | |||
Walk on the floor with arms folded across the chest, feet aligned heel to toe in tandem for a distance of 3.6 m [12 ft]. The number of steps taken in a straight line are counted for a maximum of 10 steps. | |||
==== Grading ==== | |||
'''3''' Normal is able to ambulate for 10 steps heel to toe with no staggering. | |||
'''2''' Mild impairment, ambulates 7–9 steps. | |||
'''1''' Moderate impairment, ambulates 4–7 steps. | |||
'''0''' Severe impairment, ambulates less than 4 steps heel to toe or | |||
cannot perform without assistance. | |||
=== 8. Gait with Eyes Closed === | |||
==== Instructions ==== | |||
Walk at your normal speed from here to the next mark (6 m [20 ft]) with your eyes closed. | |||
==== Grading ==== | |||
'''3''' Normal, walks 6 m (20 ft), no assistive devices, good speed,no evidence of imbalance, normal gait pattern, deviates no more than 15.24 cm (6 in) outside 30.48-cm (12-in) walkway width. Ambulates 6 m (20 ft) in less than 7 seconds. | |||
'''2''' Mild impairment, walks 6 m (20 ft), uses assistive device,slower speed, mild gait deviations, deviates 15.24–25.4 cm (6–10 in) outside 30.48-cm (12-in) walkway width. Ambulates 6 m (20 ft) in less than 9 seconds but greater than 7 seconds. | |||
'''1''' Moderate impairment, wWalks 6 m (20 ft), slow speed, abnormal gait pattern, evidence for imbalance, deviates 25.4–38.1 cm (10–15 in) outside 30.48-cm (12-in) walkway width. Requires more than 9seconds to ambulate 6 m (20 ft). | |||
'''0''' Severe impairment, cannot walk 6 m (20 ft) without assistance,severe gait deviations or imbalance, deviates greater than 38.1cm (15 in) outside 30.48-cm (12-in) walkway width or will not | |||
attempt task. | |||
=== 9. Ambulating Backwards === | |||
==== Instructions ==== | |||
Walk backwards until I tell you to stop. | |||
==== Grading ==== | |||
'''3''' Normal, walks 6 m (20 ft), no assistive devices, good speed,no evidence for imbalance, normal gait pattern, deviates no more than 15.24 cm (6 in) outside 30.48-cm (12-in) walkway | |||
width. | |||
'''2''' Mild impairment, walks 6 m (20 ft), uses assistive device,slower speed, mild gait deviations, deviates 15.24–25.4 cm (6–10 in) outside 30.48-cm (12-in) walkway width. | |||
'''1''' Moderate impairment, walks 6 m (20 ft), slow speed, abnormal gait pattern, evidence for imbalance, deviates 25.4–38.1 cm (10–15 in) outside 30.48-cm (12-in) walkway width. | |||
'''0''' Severe impairment, cannot walk 6 m (20 ft) without assistance,severe gait deviations or imbalance, deviates greater than 38.1 cm (15 in) outside 30.48-cm (12-in) walkway width or will not | |||
attempt task. | |||
=== 10. Steps === | |||
==== Instructions ==== | |||
Walk up these stairs as you would at home (ie, using the rail if necessary). At the top turn around and walk down. | |||
==== Grading ==== | |||
'''3''' Normal, alternating feet, no rail. | |||
'''2''' Mild impairment, alternating feet, must use rail. | |||
'''1''' Moderate impairment, two feet to a stair; must use rail. | |||
'''0''' Severe impairment, cannot do safely. | |||
== Evidence == | == Evidence == | ||
Revision as of 18:32, 11 October 2014
Original Editor - Laura Ritchie
Top Contributors - Laura Ritchie, Kim Jackson, Admin, Scott Buxton, Simisola Ajeyalemi, Rachael Lowe, WikiSysop, Lucinda hampton, Alex Benham, Stacy Schiurring, Evan Thomas and Naomi O'Reilly
Objective
[edit | edit source]
The Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) is a modification of the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) that uses higher-level tasks to increase the applicability of the test to people with vestibular disorders and to eliminate the ceiling effect of the original test. Three items were added to the DGI because these were noted to be difficult in people with vestibular disorders. [1]
The FGA is used to assess postural stability during various walking tasks. [2]
Intended Population[edit | edit source]
Adults with Parkinson’s Disease, stroke or vestibular disorders [2]
Method of Use [2][edit | edit source]
Time to Administer: 5-10 minutes
Number of Test Items: 10
Scoring: Each item is scored on an ordinal scale from 0 - 3, with
- 0 = severe impairment
- 1 = moderate impairment
- 2 = mild impairment
- 3 = normal ambulation
Thus, the highest score is 30/30.
Requirements[edit | edit source]
- A Marked 6-m (20ft) walkways that is marked 20.48cm (12in) in width.
- Stopwatch
Sections and Instructions of the FGA[edit | edit source]
It is important you keep the instruction the same as described by the test and is the only thing you say as not to influence performance.
1. Gait on a Level Surface[edit | edit source]
Instruction[edit | edit source]
Walk at your normal speed from here to the next mark.
Grading[edit | edit source]
3 Normal, walks 6m in less than 5.5 seconds with no adis, in good speed and no evidence of imbalance. Also deviates no more than 15.24cm (6in) outside of the walkway width.
2 Mild impairment, walks 6m (20 ft) in less than 7 seconds but greater than 5.5 seconds, uses assistive device, slower speed, mild gait deviations, or deviates 15.24–25.4 cm (6–10 in) outside of the walkway width.
1 Moderate impairment, walks 6 m (20 ft), slow speed, abnormal gait pattern, evidence for imbalance, or deviates 25.4-38.1 cm (10–15 in) outside of the 30.48-cm (12-in) walkway width. Requires more than 7 seconds to ambulate 6 m (20 ft).
0 Severe impairment, cannot walk 6 m (20 ft) without assistance, severe gait deviations or imbalance, deviates greater than 38.1 cm (15 in) outside of the 30.48-cm (12-in) walkway width or reaches and touches the wall.
2. Change in Gait Speed[edit | edit source]
Instruction[edit | edit source]
Begin walking at your normal pace (for 1.5 m [5 ft]). When
I tell you “go,” walk as fast as you can (for 1.5 m [5 ft]). When I tell you
“slow,” walk as slowly as you can (for 1.5 m [5 ft]).
Grading[edit | edit source]
3 Normal, able to smoothly change walking speed without loss of balance or gait deviation. Shows a significant difference in walking speeds between normal, fast, and slow speeds. Deviates no more than 15.24 cm (6 in) outside of the 30.48-cm (12-in) walkway width.
2 Mild impairment - is able to change speed but demonstrates mild gait deviations, deviates 15.24–25.4 cm (6–10 in) outside of the 30.48-cm (12in) walkway width, or no gait deviations but unable to achieve a significant change in velocity, or uses an assistive device.
1 Moderate impairment , makes only minor adjustments to walking speed, or accomplishes a change in speed with significant gait deviations, deviates 25.4–38.1 cm (10–15 in) outside the 30.48-cm (12-in) walkway width, or changes speed but loses balance but is able to recover and continue walking.
0 Severe impairment, cannot change speeds, deviates greater than 38.1 cm (15 in) outside 30.48-cm (12-in) walkway width,or loses balance and has to reach for wall or be caught.
3. Gait with Horizontal Head Turns[edit | edit source]
Instructions[edit | edit source]
Walk from here to the next mark 6 m (20 ft) away. Begin walking at your normal pace. Keep walking straight; after 3 steps, turn your head to the right and keep walking straight while looking to the right. After 3 more steps, turn your head to the left and keep walking straight while looking left. Continue alternating looking right and left every 3 steps until you have completed 2 repetitions in each direction.
Grading[edit | edit source]
3 Normal, performs head turns smoothly with no change in gait. Deviates no more than 15.24 cm (6 in) outside 30.48-cm (12-in)
walkway width.
2 Mild impairment, performs head turns smoothly with slight change in gait velocity (eg, minor disruption to smooth gait path), deviates 15.24–25.4 cm (6–10 in) outside 30.48-cm (12-in) walkway width, or uses an assistive device.
1 Moderate impairment—Performs head turns with moderate change in gait velocity, slows down, deviates 25.4–38.1 cm (10–15 in) outside 0.48-cm (12-in) walkway width but recovers, can continue to walk.
0 Severe impairment—Performs task with severe disruption of gait (eg, staggers 38.1 cm [15 in] outside 30.48-cm (12-in) walkway width, loses balance, stops, or reaches for wall).
4. Gait with Vertical Head Turns[edit | edit source]
Instructions[edit | edit source]
Walk from here to the next mark (6 m [20 ft]). Begin walking at your normal pace. Keep walking straight; after 3 steps, tip your head
up and keep walking straight while looking up. After 3 more steps, tip your head down, keep walking straight while looking down. Continue alternating looking up and down every 3 steps until you have completed 2 repetitions in each direction.
Grading[edit | edit source]
3 Normal, performs head turns with no change in gait. Deviates no more than 15.24 cm (6 in) outside 30.48-cm (12-in) walkway width.
2 Mild impairment, performs task with slight change in gait velocity (eg, minor disruption to smooth gait path), deviates 15.24–25.4 cm (6–10 in) outside 30.48-cm (12-in) walkway width or uses assistive device.
1 Moderate impairment, performs task with moderate change in gait velocity, slows down, deviates 25.4–38.1 cm (10–15 in)outside 30.48-cm (12-in) walkway width but recovers, can continue to walk.
0 Severe impairment, performs task with severe disruption of gait (eg, staggers 38.1 cm [15 in] outside 30.48-cm (12-in) walkway width, loses balance, stops, reaches for wall).
5. Gait and Pivot Turn[edit | edit source]
Instructions[edit | edit source]
Begin with walking at your normal pace. When I tell you, “turn and stop,” turn as quickly as you can to face the opposite direction and stop.
Grading[edit | edit source]
3 Normal, pivot turns safely within 3 seconds and stops quickly >with no loss of balance.
2 Mild impairment, pivot turns safely in 3 seconds and stops with no loss of balance, or pivot turns safely within 3 seconds and stops with mild imbalance, requires small steps to catch balance.
1 Moderate impairment, turns slowly, requires verbal cueing, or requires several small steps to catch balance following turn and stop.
0 Severe impairment, cannot turn safely, requires assistance to turn and stop.
6. Step Over Obstacle[edit | edit source]
Instructions[edit | edit source]
Begin walking at your normal speed. When you come to the shoe box, step over it, not around it, and keep walking.
Grading[edit | edit source]
3 Normal, is able to step over 2 stacked shoe boxes taped together (22.86 cm [9 in] total height) without changing gait speed; no evidence of imbalance.
2 Mild impairment, is able to step over one shoe box (11.43 cm[4.5 in] total height) without changing gait speed; no evidence of imbalance.
1 Moderate impairment, is able to step over one shoe box (11.43 cm [4.5 in] total height) but must slow down and adjust steps to clear box safely. May require verbal cueing.
0 Severe impairment, cannot perform without assistance.
7. Gait with Narrow Base of Support[edit | edit source]
Instructions[edit | edit source]
Walk on the floor with arms folded across the chest, feet aligned heel to toe in tandem for a distance of 3.6 m [12 ft]. The number of steps taken in a straight line are counted for a maximum of 10 steps.
Grading[edit | edit source]
3 Normal is able to ambulate for 10 steps heel to toe with no staggering.
2 Mild impairment, ambulates 7–9 steps.
1 Moderate impairment, ambulates 4–7 steps.
0 Severe impairment, ambulates less than 4 steps heel to toe or cannot perform without assistance.
8. Gait with Eyes Closed[edit | edit source]
Instructions[edit | edit source]
Walk at your normal speed from here to the next mark (6 m [20 ft]) with your eyes closed.
Grading[edit | edit source]
3 Normal, walks 6 m (20 ft), no assistive devices, good speed,no evidence of imbalance, normal gait pattern, deviates no more than 15.24 cm (6 in) outside 30.48-cm (12-in) walkway width. Ambulates 6 m (20 ft) in less than 7 seconds.
2 Mild impairment, walks 6 m (20 ft), uses assistive device,slower speed, mild gait deviations, deviates 15.24–25.4 cm (6–10 in) outside 30.48-cm (12-in) walkway width. Ambulates 6 m (20 ft) in less than 9 seconds but greater than 7 seconds.
1 Moderate impairment, wWalks 6 m (20 ft), slow speed, abnormal gait pattern, evidence for imbalance, deviates 25.4–38.1 cm (10–15 in) outside 30.48-cm (12-in) walkway width. Requires more than 9seconds to ambulate 6 m (20 ft).
0 Severe impairment, cannot walk 6 m (20 ft) without assistance,severe gait deviations or imbalance, deviates greater than 38.1cm (15 in) outside 30.48-cm (12-in) walkway width or will not attempt task.
9. Ambulating Backwards[edit | edit source]
Instructions[edit | edit source]
Walk backwards until I tell you to stop.
Grading[edit | edit source]
3 Normal, walks 6 m (20 ft), no assistive devices, good speed,no evidence for imbalance, normal gait pattern, deviates no more than 15.24 cm (6 in) outside 30.48-cm (12-in) walkway width.
2 Mild impairment, walks 6 m (20 ft), uses assistive device,slower speed, mild gait deviations, deviates 15.24–25.4 cm (6–10 in) outside 30.48-cm (12-in) walkway width.
1 Moderate impairment, walks 6 m (20 ft), slow speed, abnormal gait pattern, evidence for imbalance, deviates 25.4–38.1 cm (10–15 in) outside 30.48-cm (12-in) walkway width.
0 Severe impairment, cannot walk 6 m (20 ft) without assistance,severe gait deviations or imbalance, deviates greater than 38.1 cm (15 in) outside 30.48-cm (12-in) walkway width or will not attempt task.
10. Steps[edit | edit source]
Instructions[edit | edit source]
Walk up these stairs as you would at home (ie, using the rail if necessary). At the top turn around and walk down.
Grading[edit | edit source]
3 Normal, alternating feet, no rail.
2 Mild impairment, alternating feet, must use rail.
1 Moderate impairment, two feet to a stair; must use rail.
0 Severe impairment, cannot do safely.
Evidence[edit | edit source]
| [3] |
Reliability[edit | edit source]
Intrarater reliability of the total FGA: ICC = 0.83 [1]
Interrater reliability of the total FGA: ICC = 0.84 [1]
Internal Consistency: Cronbach alpha value 0.79 across both trials [1]
Validity[edit | edit source]
Concurrent Validity - FGA scores were correlated with the following outcome measure scores; [1]
- ABC Scale: r = -.70
- DHI: r = -.064
- PDS: r = -.70
- Number of falls: r = -.66
- TUG: r = -.50
- DGI: r = 0.80
Responsiveness[edit | edit source]
Miscellaneous[edit | edit source]
Dynamic Gait Index, the 4-item Dynamic Gait Index, and the Functional Gait Assessment show sufficient validity, responsiveness, and reliability for assessment of walking function in patients with stroke undergoing rehabilitation, but the Functional Gait Assessment is recommended for its psychometric properties[4].
Resources[edit | edit source]
http://www.rehabmeasures.org/Lists/RehabMeasures/DispForm.aspx?ID=893
Links[edit | edit source]
Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Wrisley DM, Marchetti GF, Kuharsky DK, Whitney SL. Reliability, Internal Consistency and Validity of Data Obtained with the Functional Gait Assessment. Physical Therapy. 2004; 84(10): 906-918.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 http://www.rehabmeasures.org/Lists/RehabMeasures/DispForm.aspx?ID=893
- ↑ Julia Krahm. Functional Gait Assessment. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxzB3ez3y14[last accessed 10/10/14]
- ↑ Lin JH, Hsu MJ, Hsu HW, Wu HC, Hsieh CL. Psychometric Comparisons of 3 Functional Ambulation Measures for Patients With Stroke. Stroke. 2010 Jul 29; online article ahead of print
