Elbow extension sign: Difference between revisions
mNo edit summary |
Evan Thomas (talk | contribs) mNo edit summary |
||
| Line 2: | Line 2: | ||
'''Original Editor '''- [[User:Nikki Arnold|Nikki Arnold]] | '''Original Editor '''- [[User:Nikki Arnold|Nikki Arnold]] | ||
'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} | '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
== Purpose<br> == | == Purpose<br> == | ||
To test the presence of either a bony fracture or for elbow joint effusion.<ref name="Hawksworth and Freeland">Hawksworth CRE, Freeland P. Inability to fully extend the injured elbow: | To test the presence of either a bony fracture or for elbow joint effusion.<ref name="Hawksworth and Freeland">Hawksworth CRE, Freeland P. Inability to fully extend the injured elbow: an indicator for significant injury? Arch of Emerg Med. 1991;8:253-256.</ref> <ref name="Docherty et al">Docherty MA, Schwab RA, Ma JO. Can elbow extension be used as a test of clinically significant injury? Southern Med J.2002 May;95(5):539-541.</ref><br> | ||
== Technique | == Technique == | ||
The patient extends elbow as far as possible while either supine or in a standing position. | The patient extends elbow as far as possible while either supine or in a standing position. The examiner will assess to whether the patient achieves full extension. | ||
A positive test is if the patient is unable to fully extend the elbow.<ref name="Users' | A positive test is if the patient is unable to fully extend the elbow.<ref name="Users' guide">Flynn TW, Cleland JA, Whitman JM. Users' guide to the musculoskeletal examination. United States; Evidence in motion:2008.</ref> | ||
== Evidence == | == Evidence == | ||
| Line 73: | Line 73: | ||
== Resources == | == Resources == | ||
Link to the full Appelboam et al 2009 article can be found here: http://tinyurl.com/oapzvy3 | Link to the full Appelboam et al 2009 article can be found here: http://tinyurl.com/oapzvy3 <br> | ||
< | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
| Line 84: | Line 79: | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Assessment]] [[Category: | [[Category:Assessment]] [[Category:Special_Tests]] [[Category:Elbow]] [[Category:Musculoskeletal/Orthopaedics]] | ||
Revision as of 07:13, 6 December 2017
Original Editor - Nikki Arnold
Top Contributors - Evan Thomas, Nikki Arnold, Admin, Kim Jackson, Tony Lowe, WikiSysop, Johnathan Fahrner, Kai A. Sigel, Wanda van Niekerk and Amanda Ager
Purpose
[edit | edit source]
To test the presence of either a bony fracture or for elbow joint effusion.[1] [2]
Technique[edit | edit source]
The patient extends elbow as far as possible while either supine or in a standing position. The examiner will assess to whether the patient achieves full extension.
A positive test is if the patient is unable to fully extend the elbow.[3]
Evidence[edit | edit source]
Table 1. Elbow extension test characteristics[4]
| Adults | Children | Combined |
| Fx | Fx+Effusion | Fx | Fx+Effusion |
Fx | Fx+Effusion | |
| Sensitivity |
98.4 | 97.3 | 94.6 | 93.7 | 96.8 | 95.8 |
| Specificity |
47.7 | 54.3 | 49.5 | 54.8 | 48.5 | 54.6 |
| LR+ | 1.88 | 2.13 | 1.87 | 2.07 | 1.88 | 2.11 |
| LR- | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.08 |
Resources[edit | edit source]
Link to the full Appelboam et al 2009 article can be found here: http://tinyurl.com/oapzvy3
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Hawksworth CRE, Freeland P. Inability to fully extend the injured elbow: an indicator for significant injury? Arch of Emerg Med. 1991;8:253-256.
- ↑ Docherty MA, Schwab RA, Ma JO. Can elbow extension be used as a test of clinically significant injury? Southern Med J.2002 May;95(5):539-541.
- ↑ Flynn TW, Cleland JA, Whitman JM. Users' guide to the musculoskeletal examination. United States; Evidence in motion:2008.
- ↑ Appelboam A, Reuben AD, Benger JR, Beech F, Dutson J, Haig S, Higinson I, Klein JA, Le Roux S, Saranga SSM, Taylor R, Vicery J, Powell RJ, Lloyd G. Elbow extension test to rule out elbow fracture: multicentre prospective validation and observational study of diagnostic accuracy in adults and children. BMJ. 2008;337;a2428
