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= Dorsalis Pedis artery =
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'''Original Editor ''' - [[User:Priyanka Chugh|Priyanka Chugh]]


== &nbsp;Description<br> ==
'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}
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== Description ==
[[File:Dorsal foot.jpeg|thumb|Dorsal foot]]
The dorsalis pedis [[Arteries|artery]] is the principal dorsal artery of the [[Ankle and Foot|foot]]. It arises at the anterior aspect of the ankle joint and is a continuation of the anterior tibial artery. 


In human anatomy, the dorsalis pedis artery (dorsal artery of foot), is a blood vessel of the lower limb that carries oxygenated blood to the dorsal surface of the foot. It arises at the anterior aspect of the ankle joint and is a continuation of the anterior tibial artery. It terminates at the proximal part of the first intermetatarsal space, where it divides into two branches, the first dorsal metatarsal artery and the deep plantar artery. The dorsalis pedis communicates with the plantar blood supply of the foot through the deep plantar artery.
* Position: dorsal surface of the foot, running towards the first dorsal interosseous space
* Origin: direct continuation of the anterior tibial artery
* Termination: as the first dorsal metatarsal artery
* Branches: deep plantar artery, lateral tarsal artery and arcuate artery
* Relations: usually palpable between [[Extensor Hallucis Longus|extensor hallucis longus]] and [[Extensor Digitorum Longus|extensor digitorum longus]] tendons<ref name=":1">Radiopedia Dorsal pedal Artery Available:https://radiopaedia.org/articles/dorsalis-pedis-artery (accessed 9.6.2022)</ref>


<ref>Dorsalis pedis artery (highlighted in green) - dorsal view image - © Kenhub https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/dorsalis-pedis-artery</ref>
== Palpation Dorsalis Pedis Artery Pulse ==
[[File:Screen Shot 2022-06-09 at 1.36.52 pm.png|thumb|Proper way to take person's pulse]]
The dorsalis pedis artery pulse can be palpated lateral to the extensor hallucis longus tendon (or medially to the extensor digitorum longus tendon) on the dorsal surface of the foot, distal to the dorsal most prominence of the [[Navicular|navicular bone]] which serves as a reliable landmark for palpation. It is often examined, by physicians, when assessing whether a given patient has [[Peripheral Arterial Disease|peripheral vascular disease]]. It is absent, unilaterally or bilaterally, in 2–3% of young healthy individuals.<ref>Moore KL, Dalley AF. ''Clinically Oriented Anatomy.'' Fifth edition. Philadelphia: Lippincot Williams & Wilkins; 2006</ref> 


== Anatomy ==
[[File:Dorsalis pedis artery - Kenhub.png|thumb|Dorsalis pedis artery]]
Originates at the level of the distal [[tibia]] between the medial and lateral malleoli, continuing on from the anterior tibial artery. Runs superficially on the dorsal surface of the forefoot, over the [[talus]] and navicular towards the first dorsal interosseous space, where it continues as the first dorsal metatarsal artery.<ref name=":1" />


Along its course, it is accompanied by a deep vein, the dorsalis pedis vein.
The branches of the dorsalis pedis artery are:
# Lateral tarsal artery
# Medial tarsal artery
# Arcuate artery
# First dorsal metatarsal artery
# Deep plantar artery <ref name=":0">Gray H. ''[https://www.bartleby.com/107/161.html Anatomy of the Human Body].'' Twentieth edition. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1918 Available from: https://www.bartleby.com/107/161.html [Accessed on 23 May 2019]</ref>
== Size Variations ==
[[File:Leg-arteries-grays-illustrations.jpeg|thumb|Leg-arteries|alt=|360x360px]]The dorsal artery of the foot may be larger than usual, to compensate for a deficient plantar artery. It's terminal branches to the toes may be absent, the toes then being supplied by the medial plantar artery or its place may be taken altogether by a large perforating branch of the peroneal artery.


==  ==
== Significance ==
 
== Palpation of the dorsalis pedis artery pulse<br> ==
 
The dorsalis pedis artery pulse can be palpated readily lateral to the extensor hallucis longus tendon (or medially to the extensor digitorum longus tendon) on the dorsal surface of the foot, distal to the dorsal most prominence of the navicular bone which serves as a reliable landmark for palpation.[1] It is often examined, by physicians, when assessing whether a given patient has peripheral vascular disease. It is absent, unilaterally or bilaterally, in 2–3% of young healthy individuals
 
== Divisions  ==
 
The vertebral artery can be divided into four divisions:
 
#The first division runs posterocranial between the longus colli and the scalenus anterior.&lt;ref name="bbb" /&gt; The first division is also called the ‘pre-foraminal division’.&lt;ref name="aaa" /&gt; <br>#The second division runs cranial through the foramina in the cervical transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae C2.&lt;ref name="bbb" /&gt; The second division is also called the foraminal division&lt;ref name="aaa" /&gt;. <br>#The third division is defined as the part that rises from C2. It rises from the latter foramen on the medial side of the rectus capitis lateralis, and curves behind the superior articular process of the atlas. Then, it lies in the <br>#groove on the upper surface of the posterior arch of the atlas, and enters the vertebral canal by passing beneath the posterior atlantoöccipital membrane&lt;ref name="bbb" /&gt;. <br>#The fourth part pierces the dura mater and inclines medial to the front of the medulla oblongata.&lt;ref name="bbb" /&gt;
 
== Supply  ==
 
It supplies 20% of blood to the brain (mainly hindbrain) along with the internal carotid artery (80%).
 
== Clinical Relevance  ==
 
It lies close to the vertebral bodies and facet joints where it may be compressed by osteophyte formation or injury to the facet joint.
 
In older individuals, artherosclerotic changes and other vascular risk facotrs (e.g. hypertension, high cholesterol, smoking, diabletes) may contribute to altered blood flow in the arteries.
 
The vertebral and carotid artieries are stressed primarily by rotation, extension and traction, but other movements may also stretch the artery. As little as 20% of rotation and extension have been shown to significantly decrease vertebral artery blood flow&lt;ref name="Magee" /&gt;.&amp;nbsp;
 
The greatest stresses are placed on the verterbal arteries in 4 places:
 
#on entry to the C6 transverse process <br>#within the bony canals of the vertebral transverse processes <br>#between C1 and C2 <br>#between C1 and entry of the arteries into the skull.
 
The most common mechanism for non-penetrating injury to the vertebral artery is extension with or without side flexion or rotation&lt;ref name="Magee" /&gt;.
 
Symptoms, which may be delayed include:
 
*vertigo <br>*nausea <br>*tinitus <br>*drop attacks <br>*visual disturbances <br>*and in rare cases strok or death


It is easy to palpate as part of an examination of the peripheral arterial system. Impalpable dorsalis pedis pulse is a sign of peripheral arterial insufficiency. Risk factors for peripheral arterial disease include [[Diabetes Mellitus Type 2|diabetes mellitus]], cigarette smoking, [[Older People Introduction|advancing age]], [[hypercholesterolemia]], [[hypertension]], overweight/[[obesity]]<ref>Radiopedia PAD Available: https://radiopaedia.org/articles/peripheral-arterial-disease?lang=us<nowiki/>(accessed 9.6.2022)</ref>  <ref name=":1" />.
== References  ==
== References  ==


1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsalis_pedis_artery
[[Category:Anatomy]]
 
[[Category:Foot]]
2. *[[Anatomical study of Dorsalis Pedis Artery & its Correlations]]  
[[Category:Foot - Anatomy]]
 
[[Category:Foot - Interventions]]
<br>
[[Category:Arteries]]
 
<references />
*[[Vertebral Artery Test]] <br>*[[Cervical Arterial Dysfunction]]
[[Category:Anatomy Project]]
 
[[Category:Anatomical Landmarks]]
[[Category:Cervical_Anatomy]]

Latest revision as of 06:04, 9 June 2022

Original Editor - Priyanka Chugh

Top Contributors - Priyanka Chugh, Lucinda hampton, Nina Myburg, Evan Thomas, Kim Jackson and Joao Costa

Description[edit | edit source]

Dorsal foot

The dorsalis pedis artery is the principal dorsal artery of the foot. It arises at the anterior aspect of the ankle joint and is a continuation of the anterior tibial artery.

  • Position: dorsal surface of the foot, running towards the first dorsal interosseous space
  • Origin: direct continuation of the anterior tibial artery
  • Termination: as the first dorsal metatarsal artery
  • Branches: deep plantar artery, lateral tarsal artery and arcuate artery
  • Relations: usually palpable between extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus tendons[1]

[2]

Palpation Dorsalis Pedis Artery Pulse[edit | edit source]

Proper way to take person's pulse

The dorsalis pedis artery pulse can be palpated lateral to the extensor hallucis longus tendon (or medially to the extensor digitorum longus tendon) on the dorsal surface of the foot, distal to the dorsal most prominence of the navicular bone which serves as a reliable landmark for palpation. It is often examined, by physicians, when assessing whether a given patient has peripheral vascular disease. It is absent, unilaterally or bilaterally, in 2–3% of young healthy individuals.[3]

Anatomy[edit | edit source]

Dorsalis pedis artery

Originates at the level of the distal tibia between the medial and lateral malleoli, continuing on from the anterior tibial artery. Runs superficially on the dorsal surface of the forefoot, over the talus and navicular towards the first dorsal interosseous space, where it continues as the first dorsal metatarsal artery.[1]

The branches of the dorsalis pedis artery are:

  1. Lateral tarsal artery
  2. Medial tarsal artery
  3. Arcuate artery
  4. First dorsal metatarsal artery
  5. Deep plantar artery [4]

Size Variations[edit | edit source]

Leg-arteries

The dorsal artery of the foot may be larger than usual, to compensate for a deficient plantar artery. It's terminal branches to the toes may be absent, the toes then being supplied by the medial plantar artery or its place may be taken altogether by a large perforating branch of the peroneal artery.

Significance[edit | edit source]

It is easy to palpate as part of an examination of the peripheral arterial system. Impalpable dorsalis pedis pulse is a sign of peripheral arterial insufficiency. Risk factors for peripheral arterial disease include diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, advancing age, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, overweight/obesity[5] [1].

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Radiopedia Dorsal pedal Artery Available:https://radiopaedia.org/articles/dorsalis-pedis-artery (accessed 9.6.2022)
  2. ↑ Dorsalis pedis artery (highlighted in green) - dorsal view image - © Kenhub https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/dorsalis-pedis-artery
  3. ↑ Moore KL, Dalley AF. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Fifth edition. Philadelphia: Lippincot Williams & Wilkins; 2006
  4. ↑ Gray H. Anatomy of the Human Body. Twentieth edition. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1918 Available from: https://www.bartleby.com/107/161.html [Accessed on 23 May 2019]
  5. ↑ Radiopedia PAD Available: https://radiopaedia.org/articles/peripheral-arterial-disease?lang=us(accessed 9.6.2022)
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