Cranial Nerves: Difference between revisions
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The names of the cranial nerves sometimes correspond with their individual function. The cranial nerves are comprised of axons that are either sensory, motor or both. <ref name="Ana" /> <br> | The names of the cranial nerves sometimes correspond with their individual function. The cranial nerves are comprised of axons that are either sensory, motor or both. <ref name="Ana" /> <br> | ||
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|+ Cranial nerves and their primary functions<ref name="Ana" /><ref name="Pat">Fuller KS, Introduction to Central Nervous System Disorders. Goodman CC, Fuller KS. Pathology: implications for the physical therapist. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014. p1371-1404</ref> | |+ Cranial nerves and their primary functions<ref name="Ana" /><ref name="Pat">Fuller KS, Introduction to Central Nervous System Disorders. Goodman CC, Fuller KS. Pathology: implications for the physical therapist. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014. p1371-1404</ref> | ||
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== Clinical relevance and Assessment == | |||
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|+ Cranial Nerve Integrity | |||
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! scope="col" | Cranial Nerve<br> | |||
! scope="col" | Examination<br> | |||
! scope="col" | Involvement<br> | |||
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! scope="row" | CN I - olfactory<br> | |||
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! scope="row" | CN II - optic<br> | |||
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! scope="row" | CN II – optic<br>CN III – oculomotor<br> | |||
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! scope="row" | CN III – oculomotor<br>CN IV – trochlea<br>CN VI - abducens<br> | |||
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! scope="row" | CN V - trigeminal<br> | |||
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! scope="row" | CN VII - facial<br> | |||
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! scope="row" | CN VIII - vestibulocochlear<br> | |||
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! scope="row" | CN IX – glossopharyngeal<br>CN X - vagus<br> | |||
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! scope="row" | CN XI - accessory<br> | |||
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! scope="row" | CN XII - hypoglossal<br> | |||
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== <br><br>Assessment == | == <br><br>Assessment == | ||
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[[Cervical Examination|Cranial nerve assessment]] | |||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Revision as of 05:49, 5 October 2016
Original Editor - Tarina van der Stockt
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Description
[edit | edit source]
There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves and they are numbered according to their position of where they originate on the inferior surface of the brain. The names of the cranial nerves (CN) are: CN I - olfactory, CN II - optic, CN III - oculomotor, CN IV - trochlear, CN V - trigeminal, CN VI - abducens, CN VII - facial, CN VIII - vestibulocochlear, CN IX - glossopharyngeal, CN X - vagus, CN XI - accessory, and CN XII - hypoglossal. [1]
Function[edit | edit source]
The names of the cranial nerves sometimes correspond with their individual function. The cranial nerves are comprised of axons that are either sensory, motor or both. [1]
Cranial Nerve | Sensory Function | Somatic Motor Function | Autonomic (parasympathetic motor) Function |
---|---|---|---|
CN I - olfactory |
Smell (olfaction) |
- |
- |
CN II - optic |
Vision |
- |
- |
CN III - oculomotor |
- |
Innervates the inferior oblique muscle and medial, inferior, and superior rectus muscles of the eye (move the eye); levator palpebrae superioris muscle (elevate eyelid) |
Innervates the sphincter pupillae muscle (constricts the pupil), and the ciliary muscle (accomodate the eye for near vision) |
CN IV - trochlear |
- |
Innervate the superior oblique eye muscle (moves the eye inferiorly and laterally) |
- |
CN V - trigeminal |
Conducts touch, temperature and pain sensation from the face, nose, mouth, nasal and oral mucosa, anterior two-thirds of tongue, and anterior scalp; part of auricle of the ear |
Innervate the muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, digastric (anterior belly), tensor veli palatini, and tensor tympani |
- |
CN VI - abducens |
- |
Innervate the lateral rectus muscle of eye (abducts the eye) |
- |
CN VII - facial |
Taste from anterior two-thirds of tongue |
Innervate muscles of facial expression, digastric (posterior belly) and stapedius muscle |
Increase secretion from the lacrimal (tear glands) and nasal mucosal glands; submandibular and sublingual salivary glands |
CN VIII - vestibulocochlear |
Hearing (cochlear branch); linear and angular acceleration, or head position in space/equilibrium (vestibular branch) |
- |
- |
CN IX - glossopharyngeal |
Touch and taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue; visceral sensory from the carotid bodies |
Innervate the pharyngeal muscle |
Increase secretion from the parotid salivary gland |
CN X - vagus |
Visceral sensation (excluding pain) from heart, lungs, abdominal organs, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx, gastrointestinal tract to level of descending colon General sensation from the external acoustic meatus, eardrum, and pharynx |
Innervates pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles and muscles at base of tongue |
Innervates smooth muscle an glands of the heart, lungs larynz trachea, and most abdominal organs |
CN XI - accessory |
- |
Innervates the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscle |
- |
CN XII - hypoglossal |
- |
Innervates intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles |
- |
Clinical relevance and Assessment[edit | edit source]
Cranial Nerve |
Examination |
Involvement |
---|---|---|
CN I - olfactory |
||
CN II - optic |
||
CN II – optic CN III – oculomotor |
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CN III – oculomotor CN IV – trochlea CN VI - abducens |
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CN V - trigeminal |
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CN VII - facial |
||
CN VIII - vestibulocochlear |
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CN IX – glossopharyngeal CN X - vagus |
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CN XI - accessory |
||
CN XII - hypoglossal |
Assessment[edit | edit source]
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Manual techniques[edit | edit source]
Resources[edit | edit source]
See also[edit | edit source]
Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 McKinley M, O'Loughlin VD. Human Anatomy. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008fckLRfckLRHill C. Practical guidelines for cystic fibrosis care. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1998.
- ↑ Fuller KS, Introduction to Central Nervous System Disorders. Goodman CC, Fuller KS. Pathology: implications for the physical therapist. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014. p1371-1404