Cranial Nerves: Difference between revisions
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== Description<br> == | == Description<br> == | ||
There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves and they are numbered according to their position of where they originate on the inferior surface of the brain. The names of the cranial nerves (CN) are: CN I - olfactory, CN II - optic, CN III - oculomotor, CN IV - trochlear, CN V - trigeminal, CN VI - abducens, CN VII - | There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves and they are numbered according to their position of where they originate on the inferior surface of the brain. The names of the cranial nerves (CN) are: CN I - olfactory, CN II - optic, CN III - oculomotor, CN IV - trochlear, CN V - trigeminal, CN VI - abducens, CN VII - facial, CN VIII - vestibulocochlear, CN IX - glossopharyngeal, CN X - vagus, CN XI - accessory, and CN XII - hypoglossal. <ref name="Ana">McKinley M, O'Loughlin VD. Human Anatomy. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008fckLRfckLRHill C. Practical guidelines for cystic fibrosis care. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1998.</ref> | ||
[[Image:CNs Brain.jpg|Cranial Nerves]]<br> | [[Image:CNs Brain.jpg|Cranial Nerves]]<br> | ||
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! scope="row" | CN III - oculomotor<br> | ! scope="row" | CN III - oculomotor<br> | ||
| -<br> | | -<br> | ||
| Innervates the inferior oblique muscle and medial, inferior, and superior rectus muscles of eye; levator palpebrae superioris muscle ( | | Innervates the inferior oblique muscle and medial, inferior, and superior rectus muscles of the eye (move the eye); levator palpebrae superioris muscle (elevate eyelid)<br> | ||
| <br> | | Innervates the sphincter pupillae muscle (constricts the pupil), and the ciliary muscle (accomodate the eye for near vision)<br> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | CN IV - trochlear<br> | ! scope="row" | CN IV - trochlear<br> | ||
| <br> | | - <br> | ||
| <br> | | Innervate the superior oblique eye muscle (moves the eye inferiorly and laterally)<br> | ||
| <br> | | -<br> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | CN V - trigeminal<br> | ! scope="row" | CN V - trigeminal<br> | ||
| <br> | | Conducts touch, temperature and pain sensation from the face, nose, mouth, nasal and oral mucosa,<br>anterior two-thirds of tongue, and anterior scalp; part of auricle of the ear<br> | ||
| <br> | | Innervate the muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, digastric (anterior belly), tensor veli palatini, and tensor tympani<br> | ||
| <br> | | - <br> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | CN VI - abducens<br> | ! scope="row" | CN VI - abducens<br> | ||
| <br> | | - <br> | ||
| <br> | | Innervate the lateral rectus muscle of eye (abducts the eye)<br> | ||
| <br> | | -<br> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | CN VII - | ! scope="row" | CN VII - facial<br> | ||
| <br> | | Taste from anterior two-thirds of tongue<br> | ||
| <br> | | Innervate muscles of facial expression, digastric (posterior belly) and stapedius muscle<br> | ||
| <br> | | Increase secretion from the lacrimal (tear glands) and nasal mucosal glands; submandibular and sublingual<br>salivary glands<br> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | CN VIII - vestibulocochlear<br> | ! scope="row" | CN VIII - vestibulocochlear<br> | ||
| <br> | | Hearing (cochlear branch); linear and angular acceleration, or head position in space/equilibrium<br>(vestibular branch)<br> | ||
| <br> | | -<br> | ||
| <br> | | -<br> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! scope="row" | CN IX - glossopharyngeal<br> | ! scope="row" | CN IX - glossopharyngeal<br> | ||
| <br> | | Touch and taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue; visceral sensory from the carotid bodies<br> | ||
| <br> | | <br> | ||
| <br> | | <br> |
Revision as of 03:00, 5 October 2016
Original Editor - Tarina van der Stockt
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Description
[edit | edit source]
There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves and they are numbered according to their position of where they originate on the inferior surface of the brain. The names of the cranial nerves (CN) are: CN I - olfactory, CN II - optic, CN III - oculomotor, CN IV - trochlear, CN V - trigeminal, CN VI - abducens, CN VII - facial, CN VIII - vestibulocochlear, CN IX - glossopharyngeal, CN X - vagus, CN XI - accessory, and CN XII - hypoglossal. [1]
Function[edit | edit source]
The names of the cranial nerves sometimes correspond with their individual function. The cranial nerves are comprised of axons that are either sensory, motor or both. [1]
Cranial Nerve | Sensory Function | Somatic Motor Function | Autonomic (parasympathetic motor) Function |
---|---|---|---|
CN I - olfactory |
Smell (olfaction) |
- |
- |
CN II - optic |
Vision |
- |
- |
CN III - oculomotor |
- |
Innervates the inferior oblique muscle and medial, inferior, and superior rectus muscles of the eye (move the eye); levator palpebrae superioris muscle (elevate eyelid) |
Innervates the sphincter pupillae muscle (constricts the pupil), and the ciliary muscle (accomodate the eye for near vision) |
CN IV - trochlear |
- |
Innervate the superior oblique eye muscle (moves the eye inferiorly and laterally) |
- |
CN V - trigeminal |
Conducts touch, temperature and pain sensation from the face, nose, mouth, nasal and oral mucosa, anterior two-thirds of tongue, and anterior scalp; part of auricle of the ear |
Innervate the muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, digastric (anterior belly), tensor veli palatini, and tensor tympani |
- |
CN VI - abducens |
- |
Innervate the lateral rectus muscle of eye (abducts the eye) |
- |
CN VII - facial |
Taste from anterior two-thirds of tongue |
Innervate muscles of facial expression, digastric (posterior belly) and stapedius muscle |
Increase secretion from the lacrimal (tear glands) and nasal mucosal glands; submandibular and sublingual salivary glands |
CN VIII - vestibulocochlear |
Hearing (cochlear branch); linear and angular acceleration, or head position in space/equilibrium (vestibular branch) |
- |
- |
CN IX - glossopharyngeal |
Touch and taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue; visceral sensory from the carotid bodies |
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CN X - vagus |
|||
CN XI - accessory |
|||
CN XII - hypoglossal |