Closed Chain Exercise: Difference between revisions
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Closed Kinetic Chain (CKC) exercises or closed chain exercises are exercises or movements where the distal aspect of the extremity is fixed to an object that is stationary. | Closed Kinetic Chain (CKC) exercises or closed chain exercises are exercises or movements where the distal aspect of the extremity is fixed to an object that is stationary. | ||
With the distal part fixed, movement at any one joint in the kinetic chain requires motion as well at the other joints in the kinetic chain. Thus, both proximal and distal parts receive resistance training at the same time<ref name="Kwon 2014">Kwon YJ, Park SJ, Jefferson J, Kim K. The Effect of Open and Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises on Dynamic Balance Ability of Normal Healthy Adults. J Phys Ther Sci. 2013 Jun;25(6):671–4.</ref>.<br> | With the distal part fixed, movement at any one joint in the [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Kinetic_Chain kinetic chain] requires motion as well at the other joints in the kinetic chain. Thus, both proximal and distal parts receive resistance training at the same time<ref name="Kwon 2014">Kwon YJ, Park SJ, Jefferson J, Kim K. The Effect of Open and Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises on Dynamic Balance Ability of Normal Healthy Adults. J Phys Ther Sci. 2013 Jun;25(6):671–4.</ref>.<br> | ||
CKC exercises have gained popularity over Open Kinetic Chain (OKC) exercises because many clinicians believe that CKC exercises are more reliable and functional<ref name="Bynum 1995">Bynum EB, Barrack RL, Alexander AH. Open versus closed chain kinetic exercises after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. A prospective randomized study. Am J Sports Med. 1995 Aug;23(4):401–6.</ref>. In a 2014 study, Uçar et al. affirm that, in the rehabilitation of ACL reconstruction, CKC exercises are more effective than OKC exercises at providing mobilization and enabling a quicker return to daily and sporting activities<ref name="Ucar 2014">Uçar M, Koca I, Eroglu M, Eroglu S, Sarp U, Arik HO, et al. Evaluation of Open and Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises in Rehabilitation Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. J Phys Ther Sci. 2014 Dec;26(12):1875–8.</ref>.<br><br>Here are some characteristics of CKC and the differences with OKC exercises: <ref name="Ellenbecker">Ellenbecker TS, Davies GJ. Closed kinetic chain exercises. A comprehensive guide to multiple-joint exercises. J Chiropr Med 2002;1(4):200.</ref> | CKC exercises have gained popularity over [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Open_Chain_Exercise Open Kinetic Chain] (OKC) exercises because many clinicians believe that CKC exercises are more reliable and functional<ref name="Bynum 1995">Bynum EB, Barrack RL, Alexander AH. Open versus closed chain kinetic exercises after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. A prospective randomized study. Am J Sports Med. 1995 Aug;23(4):401–6.</ref>. In a 2014 study, Uçar et al. affirm that, in the rehabilitation of ACL reconstruction, CKC exercises are more effective than OKC exercises at providing mobilization and enabling a quicker return to daily and sporting activities<ref name="Ucar 2014">Uçar M, Koca I, Eroglu M, Eroglu S, Sarp U, Arik HO, et al. Evaluation of Open and Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises in Rehabilitation Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. J Phys Ther Sci. 2014 Dec;26(12):1875–8.</ref>.<br><br>Here are some characteristics of CKC and the differences with OKC exercises: <ref name="Ellenbecker">Ellenbecker TS, Davies GJ. Closed kinetic chain exercises. A comprehensive guide to multiple-joint exercises. J Chiropr Med 2002;1(4):200.</ref> | ||
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Revision as of 22:33, 14 May 2016
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
Closed Kinetic Chain (CKC) exercises or closed chain exercises are exercises or movements where the distal aspect of the extremity is fixed to an object that is stationary.
With the distal part fixed, movement at any one joint in the kinetic chain requires motion as well at the other joints in the kinetic chain. Thus, both proximal and distal parts receive resistance training at the same time[1].
CKC exercises have gained popularity over Open Kinetic Chain (OKC) exercises because many clinicians believe that CKC exercises are more reliable and functional[2]. In a 2014 study, Uçar et al. affirm that, in the rehabilitation of ACL reconstruction, CKC exercises are more effective than OKC exercises at providing mobilization and enabling a quicker return to daily and sporting activities[3].
Here are some characteristics of CKC and the differences with OKC exercises: [4]
| Characteristic |
Closed kinetic chain exercices |
Open kinetic chain exercises |
| Stress pattern |
Linear |
Rotary |
| Number of joint axes |
Multiple |
One primary |
| Nature of joint segments |
Both segments move simultaneously |
One stationary, other mobile |
| Number of moving joints |
Multiple joint movements |
Isolated joint motion |
| Planes of movement |
Multiple (triplanar) |
One (single) |
| Muscular involvement |
Significant co-contraction |
Isolation of muscle group, minimal muscular co-contraction |
| Movement pattern |
Significant functionally oriented |
Often non-functional |
Biomechanical and neurophysiologic factors[edit | edit source]
Biomechanical:
CKC techniques emphasize the sequential movement and placement of functionally related joints and therefore require coordinated and sequential muscle activation patterns to control proper joint movement. [5]
Neurophysiologic:
Closed kinetic chain exercises stimulate the proprioceptive system by proprioceptive feedback to initiate and control muscle activation patterns. [5]
Exercises
[edit | edit source]
Closed chain upper-body kinetic exercises[edit | edit source]
Push-ups and derivatives, pull-ups or chin-ups, and dips. These concentrate on a co-contraction of the triceps brachii, biceps brachii, deltoids, pectoralis major and minor, and lower back for stabilization in various ratios depending upon angle and leverage.
Closed chain lower-body kinetic exercises[edit | edit source]
Squats, deadlifts, lunges, power cleans, and leg presses. These concentrate on a co-contraction of the quadriceps, hamstrings, hip flexors, soleus, and gastrocnemius muscles. The joints of movement include the knee, hip, and ankle.
Clinical Bottom Line[edit | edit source]
Many factors should be considered when deciding to use open kinetic chain exercises versus closed kinetic chain exercises. The patient's condition and stage of rehabilitation will aid in the clinician's judgement of exercise prescription.
Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Kwon YJ, Park SJ, Jefferson J, Kim K. The Effect of Open and Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises on Dynamic Balance Ability of Normal Healthy Adults. J Phys Ther Sci. 2013 Jun;25(6):671–4.
- ↑ Bynum EB, Barrack RL, Alexander AH. Open versus closed chain kinetic exercises after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. A prospective randomized study. Am J Sports Med. 1995 Aug;23(4):401–6.
- ↑ Uçar M, Koca I, Eroglu M, Eroglu S, Sarp U, Arik HO, et al. Evaluation of Open and Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises in Rehabilitation Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. J Phys Ther Sci. 2014 Dec;26(12):1875–8.
- ↑ Ellenbecker TS, Davies GJ. Closed kinetic chain exercises. A comprehensive guide to multiple-joint exercises. J Chiropr Med 2002;1(4):200.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Akuthota V, Herring SA. Nerve and vascular injuries in sports medicine. Springer, 2009.
