Cervical Plexus: Difference between revisions
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
The cervical plexus is formed by the communication of the anterior divisions of the upper four cervical nerves (C1-4). | The cervical plexus is formed by the communication of the anterior divisions of the upper four cervical nerves (C1-4).<ref name="AE">http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/6560/</ref> | ||
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== Location/Path == | == Location/Path == | ||
It lies under the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle, opposite the upper four cervical vertebrae. It rests upon the levator anguli scapulae and scalenus medius muscles, and emerges from the posterior border of the SCM. | It lies under the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle, opposite the upper four cervical vertebrae. It rests upon the levator anguli scapulae and scalenus medius muscles, and emerges from the posterior border of the SCM.<ref name="AE" /> | ||
== Branches & Supplied Structures == | == Branches & Supplied Structures == | ||
Its branches consist of a superficial and deep set. The superficial branches are the great auricular nerve, lesser occipital nerve, transverse cervical, suprasternal, and supraclavicular nerves. The deep branches are the phrenic, communicantes cervicales, communicating, and muscular. | Its branches consist of a superficial and deep set. The superficial branches are the great auricular nerve, lesser occipital nerve, transverse cervical, suprasternal, and supraclavicular nerves. The deep branches are the phrenic, communicantes cervicales, communicating, and muscular.<ref name="AE" /> | ||
*'''Ansa Cervicalis (C1-3)''' | *'''Ansa Cervicalis (C1-3)<ref name="Thompson">Thompson JC (2010). Netter's Concise Orthopaedic Anatomy (2nd ed). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier.</ref>''' | ||
**Superior (C1-2) & inferior (C2-3) roots form loop | **Superior (C1-2) & inferior (C2-3) roots form loop | ||
**''Sensory'': None | **''Sensory'': None | ||
**''Motor'': Omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid | **''Motor'': Omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid | ||
*'''Lesser Occipital Nerve (C2-3)''' | *'''Lesser Occipital Nerve (C2-3)<ref name="Thompson" />''' | ||
**Arises from posterior border of SCM | **Arises from posterior border of SCM | ||
**''Sensory'': Superior region behind auricle | **''Sensory'': Superior region behind auricle | ||
**''Motor'': None | **''Motor'': None | ||
*'''Great Auricular Nerve (C2-3)''' | *'''Great Auricular Nerve (C2-3)<ref name="Thompson" />''' | ||
**Exits inferior to lesser occipital nerve, ascends on SCM | **Exits inferior to lesser occipital nerve, ascends on SCM | ||
**''Sensory'': Over parotid gland and behind ear | **''Sensory'': Over parotid gland and behind ear | ||
**''Motor'': None | **''Motor'': None | ||
*'''Transverse Cervical Nerve (C2-3)''' | *'''Transverse Cervical Nerve (C2-3)<ref name="Thompson" />''' | ||
**Exits inferior to greater auricular nerve, then to anterior neck | **Exits inferior to greater auricular nerve, then to anterior neck | ||
**''Sensory'': Anterior triangle of the neck | **''Sensory'': Anterior triangle of the neck | ||
**''Motor'': None | **''Motor'': None | ||
*'''Supraclavicular (C2-3)''' | *'''Supraclavicular (C2-3)<ref name="Thompson" />''' | ||
**Splits into 3 branches: anterior, middle, posterior | **Splits into 3 branches: anterior, middle, posterior | ||
**''Sensory'': Over clavicle, outer trapezius and deltoid | **''Sensory'': Over clavicle, outer trapezius and deltoid | ||
**''Motor'': None | **''Motor'': None | ||
*'''Phrenic Nerve (C3-5)''' | *'''Phrenic Nerve (C3-5)<ref name="Thompson" />''' | ||
**On anterior scalene, into thorax between subclavian artery and vein | **On anterior scalene, into thorax between subclavian artery and vein | ||
**''Sensory'': Pericardium and mediastinal pleura | **''Sensory'': Pericardium and mediastinal pleura | ||
Revision as of 19:16, 24 February 2014
Original Editor - Evan Thomas
Lead Editors - Evan Thomas, Laura Ritchie, Kim Jackson, WikiSysop and Leana Louw
Description[edit | edit source]
The cervical plexus is formed by the communication of the anterior divisions of the upper four cervical nerves (C1-4).[1]
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Location/Path[edit | edit source]
It lies under the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle, opposite the upper four cervical vertebrae. It rests upon the levator anguli scapulae and scalenus medius muscles, and emerges from the posterior border of the SCM.[1]
Branches & Supplied Structures[edit | edit source]
Its branches consist of a superficial and deep set. The superficial branches are the great auricular nerve, lesser occipital nerve, transverse cervical, suprasternal, and supraclavicular nerves. The deep branches are the phrenic, communicantes cervicales, communicating, and muscular.[1]
- Ansa Cervicalis (C1-3)[2]
- Superior (C1-2) & inferior (C2-3) roots form loop
- Sensory: None
- Motor: Omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid
- Lesser Occipital Nerve (C2-3)[2]
- Arises from posterior border of SCM
- Sensory: Superior region behind auricle
- Motor: None
- Great Auricular Nerve (C2-3)[2]
- Exits inferior to lesser occipital nerve, ascends on SCM
- Sensory: Over parotid gland and behind ear
- Motor: None
- Transverse Cervical Nerve (C2-3)[2]
- Exits inferior to greater auricular nerve, then to anterior neck
- Sensory: Anterior triangle of the neck
- Motor: None
- Supraclavicular (C2-3)[2]
- Splits into 3 branches: anterior, middle, posterior
- Sensory: Over clavicle, outer trapezius and deltoid
- Motor: None
- Phrenic Nerve (C3-5)[2]
- On anterior scalene, into thorax between subclavian artery and vein
- Sensory: Pericardium and mediastinal pleura
- Motor: Diaphragm
Diagram[edit | edit source]
Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
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