Cartilage
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
Cartilage is a type of supporting connective tissue . It is a firm tissue but softer and more flexible than bone .
Cartilage Structure
[edit | edit source]
| cartilage matrix | cartilage cells |
| it is a firm gel that contain polysacchride derivaites called chondroitin sulfates which complex with protein in the ground substance forming proteoglycan . | chondrocytes are the only cells in the matrix and they occupy small chambers called lacuna . |
- Cartilage separated from the surrounding tissues by perichondrium which consist of two layers :
1- Outer Fibrous Layer : Which provide protection , mechanical support and attaches the cartilage to other structures .
2- Inner Cellular : It Is Important in the growth and maintenance of cartilage .
Cartilage types[edit | edit source]
| Hyaline cartilage | fibrocartilage | elastic cartilage |
|
The matrix contain closely packed collagen fibers making it tough but slightly flexible . Example : Connection between ribs and sternum , nasal cartilage and articular cartilage ( which cover opposing bone surfaces in many joints ) . |
The matrix contain interwoven collagen fibers making it durable and tough . Example : between spinal vertebrea and around the joints . |
The matrix contain elsatic fibers making it flexible and reselient . Example : the auricle of the outer ear . |
Cartilage Growth [edit | edit source]
| intestitial growth | appostional growth |
|---|---|
|
occur during embryonic level and continue till the adolescence . |
cells of inner layer of perichondrium undergo division and inner most cells differentiate into immature chondrocytes which produce the matrix then they mature into mature chondrocytes . |
- both intersitial and appositional growth occur during development but neither of them occur in normal adult .
Mechanical Behaviour of Articular Cartilage[edit | edit source]
The mechanical behaviour depend on interaction of its component : proteoglycan , collagen and interstitial fluid .
In an aqoues environment , proteogylcans are polyanionic which means the molecule has negatively charged sites that arise from sulfate and carboxyl .
In solution , the matual repulsion of these negative charges causes the aggregated proteogylcan to spread out and occupy a large volume .
Exercise and cartilage health[edit | edit source]
Participation in certain sports appear to increase risk of osteoarthritis ( result from breakdown of joint cartilage ) .
Activities that involve torsional loading , fast acceleraion and decclaration , repititive high impact and high level of participation increase risk of osteoarthritis .
Racket and soccer may increase risk of osteoarthritis but swimming and cycling are not linked with increase risk of osteoarthritis hip .
Increasing risk of osteoarthritis are related to excessive exercise or abnormal joint loading But some levels of loading and exercise are benfecial for joint health .
To Understand more about Cartilage[edit | edit source]
Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27828665
References[edit | edit source]
References will automatically be added here, see adding references tutorial.
- ↑ http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Cartilage.aspx
- ↑ Martini , Nath . Fundmentals of anatomy and physiology .9th ed ,2011 .
- ↑ Martini , Nath . Fundmentals of anatomy and physiology .9th ed ,2011 .
