Biceps Brachii: Difference between revisions
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== Description == | == Description == | ||
The biceps | The biceps brachii (commonly know as the biceps) is a large, thick [[muscle]] on the ventral portion of the upper arm. The muscle is composed of a short head and a long head. | ||
# The short head originates from the apex of the coracoid process of the [[scapula]].<ref name=":0" /> | |||
# The long head originates from the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula. | |||
Both heads course distally and become a confluent muscle belly before tapering across the anterior aspect of the [[elbow]], to insert on the radial tuberosity and the [[fascia]] of the forearm via the bicipital [[aponeurosis]].<ref name=":0">Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AM. Clinically oriented anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013 Feb 13.</ref> | |||
It works across three joints, and is able to generate movements in [[Glenohumeral Joint|glenohumeral]], [[elbow]] and radio-ulnar joints.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
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== Nerve == | |||
== Nerve | |||
Innervation of bicep brachii is by the [[Musculocutaneous Nerve|musculocutaneous nerve]] C5, '''C6''', C7.<ref name=":0" /> | Innervation of bicep brachii is by the [[Musculocutaneous Nerve|musculocutaneous nerve]] C5, '''C6''', C7.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
Revision as of 04:38, 10 January 2022
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Description[edit | edit source]
The biceps brachii (commonly know as the biceps) is a large, thick muscle on the ventral portion of the upper arm. The muscle is composed of a short head and a long head.
- The short head originates from the apex of the coracoid process of the scapula.[1]
- The long head originates from the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula.
Both heads course distally and become a confluent muscle belly before tapering across the anterior aspect of the elbow, to insert on the radial tuberosity and the fascia of the forearm via the bicipital aponeurosis.[1]
It works across three joints, and is able to generate movements in glenohumeral, elbow and radio-ulnar joints.[1]
Nerve[edit | edit source]
Innervation of bicep brachii is by the musculocutaneous nerve C5, C6, C7.[1]
Artery[edit | edit source]
Blood supplied by them muscular branches of brachial artery[1]
Function[edit | edit source]
Primary functions of the biceps brachii is flexion of the elbow and supination of the forearm. In fact, it is the prime mover of forearm supination. Since it crosses the gleno-humeral joint, it also serves to assist shoulder elevation.
In various angle of the elbow, the biceps brachii actions differently to movements to the upper limb.
- Extended elbow: Biceps is a pure elbow flexor until it reaches 90 degree flexion
- At 90 degrees flexion and forearm supinated: Most efficient to produce elbow flexion
- At 90 degrees flexion and forearm pronated: Biceps becomes the primary forearm supinator
Clinical Relevance[edit | edit source]
The biceps brachii is prone to repetitive micro-trauma due to stress or overuse.[1] Sports involving throwing, for instance baseball and cricket), and use of a racquet, such as badminton and tennis, are common to over-stress tendons of the biceps and causing inflammation.[1] As a result, biceps tendinopathy of its long head or bicep tendon are common condition sees in the muscle.[1]
More serious conditions, for example dislocation and rupture of tendon of the long head of biceps, are not uncommon across all age groups.[1]
Assessment[edit | edit source]
Detailed history should be completed prior to physical examinations. A basic examination should include observation, palpation, muscle strength testing and range of motion. Obvious deformity, known as "Popeye sign", might be observed with rupture of long head tendon of the biceps.[2]
- Palpation of the anterior aspect of the arm should include the full length of the muscle. Tenderness similar to patient's complaint might be reproduced via palpation. It is also useful to locate the site of injury.
- Muscle strength test of the biceps should be completed in supine of sitting with patient's arm well support by a cushion of a hand of the examiner. Patient's elbow positioned slightly less than or at right angle with forearm in supination. Examiner should then apply pressure against the lower forearm in the direction of extension.[3] Weakness might present with patient symptoms.
- Examiner could observe the range of motion of the elbow using a goniometre. Examiner can also palpate and look for crepitus in the elbow joint.
palpation - Muscle length test: see video below
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Strengthening[edit | edit source]
Stretching[edit | edit source]
Myofascial release technique[edit | edit source]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AM. Clinically oriented anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013 Feb 13.
- ↑ Yoshida N, Tsuchida Y. “Popeye” sign. N Engl J Med. 2017 Nov 16;377:1976.
- ↑ Kendall FP, McCreary EK, Provance PG, Rodgers M, Romani WA. Muscles, testing and function: with posture and pain. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 1993.
- ↑ Availble from:Canadian Chiropractic Guideline Initiative (CCGI).https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n4meWitwBmU. Biceps strengthening (standing)* {last accessed 28 June 2021}
- ↑ Availble from:BaptistHealthSF.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QY4gCIYbGQk. Bicep Stretch {last accessed 28 June 2021}
- ↑ Availble from:Brian Abelson.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F_vTCdcUD_8. Self Myofascial Release - Biceps{last accessed 28 June 2021}
