Anabolic Steroid Abuse: Difference between revisions
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• Chest pain<ref name="screening chest">Goodman CC, Snyder TE. Screening the Chest, Breasts, and Ribs. Differential Diagnosis for Physical Therapists: Screening for Referral. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2013. p673-712.</ref><br>• Elevated blood pressure<ref name="screening chest" /><ref name="interviewing" /><br>• Ventricular tachycardia <ref name="screening chest" /><br>• Altered ejection fraction (lower end of normal: under 55%)<ref name="interviewing">Goodman CC, Snyder TE. Interviewing as a Screening Tool. Differential Diagnosis for Physical Therapists: Screening for Referral. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2013. p31-95.</ref> <br>• Rapid weight gain (10-15 pounds in 2-3 weeks)<ref name="screening chest" /><ref name="interviewing" /> | • Chest pain<ref name="screening chest">Goodman CC, Snyder TE. Screening the Chest, Breasts, and Ribs. Differential Diagnosis for Physical Therapists: Screening for Referral. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2013. p673-712.</ref><br>• Elevated blood pressure<ref name="screening chest" /><ref name="interviewing" /><br>• Ventricular tachycardia <ref name="screening chest" /><br>• Altered ejection fraction (lower end of normal: under 55%)<ref name="interviewing">Goodman CC, Snyder TE. Interviewing as a Screening Tool. Differential Diagnosis for Physical Therapists: Screening for Referral. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2013. p31-95.</ref> <br>• Rapid weight gain (10-15 pounds in 2-3 weeks)<ref name="screening chest" /><ref name="interviewing" /> | ||
• Peripheral edema<ref name="screening chest" /><ref name="interviewing" /><br>• Acne on face, upper back, chest<ref name="screening chest" /><ref name="interviewing" /><br>• Altered body composition with marked development of the upper torso<ref name="screening chest" /><br>• Muscular hypertrophy<ref name="interviewing" /><br>• Stretch marks around the back, upper arms, and chest<ref name="screening chest" /><ref name="interviewing" /><br>• Needle marks in large muscle groups (e.g., buttocks, thighs, deltoids)<ref name="screening chest" /><ref name="interviewing" /><br>• Development of male pattern baldness<ref name="screening chest" /><br>• Gynecomastia (breast tissue development in males); breast tissue atrophy in females<ref name="screening chest" /><br>• Frequent hematoma or bruising<ref name="screening chest" /><br>• Personality changes called “steroid psychosis” (rapid mood swings, sudden increased aggressive or even violent tendencies)<ref name="screening chest" /><ref name="interviewing" /><br>• Females: Secondary male characteristics (deeper voice, breast atrophy, abnormal facial and body hair); menstrual irregularities<ref name="screening chest" /><br>• Abdominal pain, diarrhea<ref name="interviewing" /><br>• Bladder irritation, urinary frequency, urinary tract infections<ref name="interviewing" /><br>• Sleep apnea, insomnia<ref name="interviewing" /><br>• Jaundice (chronic use)<ref name="screening chest" /><br><br> | • Peripheral edema<ref name="screening chest" /><ref name="interviewing" /><br>• Acne on face, upper back, chest<ref name="screening chest" /><ref name="interviewing" /><br>• Altered body composition with marked development of the upper torso<ref name="screening chest" /><br>• Muscular hypertrophy<ref name="interviewing" /><br>• Stretch marks around the back, upper arms, and chest<ref name="screening chest" /><ref name="interviewing" /><br>• Needle marks in large muscle groups (e.g., buttocks, thighs, deltoids)<ref name="screening chest" /><ref name="interviewing" /><br>• Development of male pattern baldness<ref name="screening chest" /><br>• Gynecomastia (breast tissue development in males); breast tissue atrophy in females<ref name="screening chest" /><br>• Frequent hematoma or bruising<ref name="screening chest" /><br>• Personality changes called “steroid psychosis” (rapid mood swings, sudden increased aggressive or even violent tendencies)<ref name="screening chest" /><ref name="interviewing" /><br>• Females: Secondary male characteristics (deeper voice, breast atrophy, abnormal facial and body hair); menstrual irregularities<ref name="screening chest" /><br>• Abdominal pain, diarrhea<ref name="interviewing" /><br>• Bladder irritation, urinary frequency, urinary tract infections<ref name="interviewing" /><br>• Sleep apnea, insomnia<ref name="interviewing" /><br>• Jaundice (chronic use)<ref name="screening chest" /><br><br> | ||
Severe depression leading to suicide can occur with anabolic steroid withdrawal.<ref name="screening chest" /> | |||
== Associated Co-morbidities == | == Associated Co-morbidities == | ||
Revision as of 02:26, 23 March 2014
Original Editors - Adam Fischer & Nancy Marshall from Bellarmine University's Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems project.
Top Contributors - Nancy Marshall, Adam Fischer, Wanda van Niekerk, Elaine Lonnemann, 127.0.0.1, WikiSysop, Wendy Walker, George Prudden and Lucinda hampton
Definition/Description[edit | edit source]
Anabolic-androgenic steroids, commonly called “anabolic steroids”, are synthetic substances that resemble male sex hormones (e.g., testosterone). Anabolic steroids promote the growth of skeletal muscle and cause increased production of red blood cells (anabolic effects), and the development of male characteristics (androgenic effects) in both males and females.[1][2]
Common medical uses of anabolic steroids include replacement therapy to treat delayed puberty in adolescent boys, hypogonadism and impotence in men, breast cancer in women, anemia, osteoporosis, weight loss and other conditions with hormonal imbalance.[2]
Anabolic steroids can be injected, taken orally, or applied externally as a gel or cream. Due to the possibility of serious adverse effects and a high potential for abuse, they are classified as Schedule III Controlled Substances in the U.S.[3] Doses taken by abusers can be 10 to 100 times higher than doses used for medical conditions.[1]
Some commonly abused anabolic steroids are listed in the table below.[1]
Prevalence[edit | edit source]
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Characteristics/Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
Clinical signs and symptoms of anabolic steroid use include:
• Chest pain[4]
• Elevated blood pressure[4][5]
• Ventricular tachycardia [4]
• Altered ejection fraction (lower end of normal: under 55%)[5]
• Rapid weight gain (10-15 pounds in 2-3 weeks)[4][5]
• Peripheral edema[4][5]
• Acne on face, upper back, chest[4][5]
• Altered body composition with marked development of the upper torso[4]
• Muscular hypertrophy[5]
• Stretch marks around the back, upper arms, and chest[4][5]
• Needle marks in large muscle groups (e.g., buttocks, thighs, deltoids)[4][5]
• Development of male pattern baldness[4]
• Gynecomastia (breast tissue development in males); breast tissue atrophy in females[4]
• Frequent hematoma or bruising[4]
• Personality changes called “steroid psychosis” (rapid mood swings, sudden increased aggressive or even violent tendencies)[4][5]
• Females: Secondary male characteristics (deeper voice, breast atrophy, abnormal facial and body hair); menstrual irregularities[4]
• Abdominal pain, diarrhea[5]
• Bladder irritation, urinary frequency, urinary tract infections[5]
• Sleep apnea, insomnia[5]
• Jaundice (chronic use)[4]
Severe depression leading to suicide can occur with anabolic steroid withdrawal.[4]
Associated Co-morbidities[edit | edit source]
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Medications[edit | edit source]
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Diagnostic Tests/Lab Tests/Lab Values[edit | edit source]
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Etiology/Causes[edit | edit source]
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Systemic Involvement[edit | edit source]
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Medical Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Physical Therapy Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Alternative/Holistic Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Differential Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
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Case Reports/ Case Studies[edit | edit source]
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Resources
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Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)
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References[edit | edit source]
see adding references tutorial.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 National Institute on Drug Abuse. Anabolic Steroid Abuse. http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/anabolic-steroid-abuse (accessed 11 Mar 2014).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Drugs.com. Androgens and anabolic steroids. http://www.drugs.com/drug-class/androgens-and-anabolic-steroids.html (accessed 22 Mar 2014). Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Drugs.com. Androgens and anabolic steroids." defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Drugs.com. Anabolic Steroids- Abuse, Side Effects and Safety. http://www.drugs.com/article/anabolic-steroids.html (accessed 22 Mar 2014).
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 Goodman CC, Snyder TE. Screening the Chest, Breasts, and Ribs. Differential Diagnosis for Physical Therapists: Screening for Referral. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2013. p673-712.
- ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 Goodman CC, Snyder TE. Interviewing as a Screening Tool. Differential Diagnosis for Physical Therapists: Screening for Referral. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2013. p31-95.
