Arnold Chiari Malformation

Original Editor - Wendy Walker

Lead Editors  

Introduction

Arnold Chiari Malformation, AKA Chiari type II malformation,  is one of a group of brain malformations affecting the cerebellum.

They are named after  Hans Chiari, the pathologist who first described the whole group of malformations, and another pathologist, Julius Arnold.

It is frequently associated with myelomeningocele.

Clinically Relevant Anatomy

Normally the cerebellum and parts of the brain stem sit in an indented space at the lower rear of the skull, above the foramen magnum (a funnel-like opening to the spinal canal). When part of the cerebellum is located below the foramen magnum, it is called a Chiari malformation.

When Arnold Chiari malformation is present, the brainstem is elongated and displaced into the opening of the base of the skull and into the top of the spinal canal. It is often kinked. The brainstem, cranial nerves and lower portion of the cerebellum (back of the brain) may be stretched or compressed. This means that any of the functions controlled by these areas may be affected.

Clinical Presentation

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Diagnostic Procedures

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Outcome Measures

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Management / Interventions

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Differential Diagnosis

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Key Evidence

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Resources

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Case Studies

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References

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