Foot and Ankle Assessment-Investigations and Tests
Original Editor - Rachael Lowe
Top Contributors - Ewa Jaraczewska, Admin, Kim Jackson, Lucinda hampton, Samuel Adedigba, Nikhil Benhur Abburi, Jess Bell, Shejza Mino, Khloud Shreif, Rachael Lowe, Kai A. Sigel, Simisola Ajeyalemi, Wanda van Niekerk, Pinar Kisacik, Evan Thomas and Rucha Gadgil
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Taking patient's history and completing an objective assessment is a gold standard of the foot and ankle assessment. The purpose of using special investigations and tests is to confirm the clinical diagnosis.
"We can't treat the patient just on x-rays or just on MRI findings. These things have to come together (with objective assessment)". Helene Simpson
Techniques[edit | edit source]
Investigations[edit | edit source]
X-Rays[edit | edit source]
Diagnostic Ultrasound[edit | edit source]
MRI[edit | edit source]
CT Scan[edit | edit source]
Special Tests[edit | edit source]
Functional Tests[edit | edit source]
- Small knee bend
- Sit to stand
- Squat
- Double heel raise
- Jump
- Single leg stand
- Single knee bend
- Single heel raise
- Hop
- Running
Additional details can be found on the Foot and Ankle Assessment page.
Special Tests[edit | edit source]
Special tests are utilized to prove or disprove the working hypothesis, as well as to identify dysfunctional structures/tissues. They include the following:
- Ottawa ankle rules (to determine if radiographs are indicated to rule out fracture)
- Ankle ligament stress tests
- Talar tilt test
- Anterior drawer of the ankle
- Eversion stress test
- Muscle tests (to assess functioning of the intrinsic & extrinsic muscles)
- Silfverskiöld test
- Squeeze test
- Windlass test
- Impingement sign ankle
- Navicular drop test
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Kris Porter DPT. Movement Screen of the Lower Quarter. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l6gkHR02rIM [last accessed 30/6/2021]
- ↑ Kate Cornet.Windlass Test. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZO0wREhjxH0&t=2s[last accessed 30/6/2021]
- ↑ Kate Cornet. Thompsons Test. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SjwwWc1d5dg [last accessed 30/6/2021]
- ↑ Kate Cornet. Ankle Anterior Drawer. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hkrKU7MI93c [last accessed 30/6/2021]
- ↑ Kate Cornet.Talar Tilt. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BSvjmMMNGf0[last accessed 30/6/2021]
- ↑ Kate Cornet. Squeeze Test. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ANIUAmCt5t8[last accessed 30/6/2021]
- ↑ Kate Cornet.Mortons Test. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lyfLdQJ--PA [last accessed 30/6/2021]