Foot and Ankle Assessment-Investigations and Tests
Original Editor - Rachael Lowe
Top Contributors - Ewa Jaraczewska, Admin, Kim Jackson, Lucinda hampton, Samuel Adedigba, Nikhil Benhur Abburi, Jess Bell, Shejza Mino, Khloud Shreif, Rachael Lowe, Kai A. Sigel, Simisola Ajeyalemi, Ahmed M Diab, Evan Thomas, Rucha Gadgil, Wanda van Niekerk and Pinar Kisacik
Purpose[edit | edit source]
Patients may present to the clinic with foot and ankle problems for a variety of reasons which may include pain, swelling, deformity, stiffness, instability and/or abnormal gait.[1]
Techniques[edit | edit source]
Investigations[edit | edit source]
- Radiological Considerations: any previous radiographs or other medical imagingscans?
- Other investigations: recent blood tests?
Special Tests[edit | edit source]
Functional Tests[edit | edit source]
- Small knee bend
- Sit to stand
- Squat
- Double heel raise
- Jump
- Single leg stand
- Single knee bend
- Single heel raise
- Hop
- Running
Special Tests[edit | edit source]
Special tests are utilized to prove or disprove the working hypothesis, as well as to identify dysfunctional structures/tissues. They include the following:
- Ottawa ankle rules (to determine if radiographs are indicated to rule out fracture)
- Ankle ligament stress tests
- Talar tilt test
- Anterior drawer of the ankle
- Eversion stress test
- Muscle tests (to assess functioning of the intrinsic & extrinsic muscles)
- Silfverskiöld test
- Squeeze test
- Windlass test
- Impingement sign ankle
- Navicular drop test
Biomechanical Evaluation[edit | edit source]
A foot assessment can be used to classify foot type as well as to identify possible etiological factors relating to injury in order to properly prescribe therapeutic interventions.
Details can be found on the Biomechanical Assessment of the Foot and Ankle page.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Coughlin MJ, Saltzman CL, Anderson RB. Mann’s surgery of the foot and ankle. Amsterdam: Elsevier Saunders, 2014: 2186
- ↑ Kris Porter DPT. Movement Screen of the Lower Quarter. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l6gkHR02rIM [last accessed 30/6/2021]
- ↑ Kate Cornet.Windlass Test. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZO0wREhjxH0&t=2s[last accessed 30/6/2021]
- ↑ Kate Cornet. Thompsons Test. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SjwwWc1d5dg [last accessed 30/6/2021]
- ↑ Kate Cornet. Ankle Anterior Drawer. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hkrKU7MI93c [last accessed 30/6/2021]
- ↑ Kate Cornet.Talar Tilt. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BSvjmMMNGf0[last accessed 30/6/2021]
- ↑ Kate Cornet. Squeeze Test. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ANIUAmCt5t8[last accessed 30/6/2021]
- ↑ Kate Cornet.Mortons Test. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lyfLdQJ--PA [last accessed 30/6/2021]