Diabetic Neuropathy
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Diabetic neuropathy is the most common complication of Diabetes Mellitus (DM), affecting as many as 50% of patients with type 1 and type 2 DM.
Neuropathies are characterized by a progressive loss of nerve fibre function[1].
Clinically Relevant Anatomy
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Mechanism of Injury / Pathological Process
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Current thinking on the causes of diabetic neuropathy is that it is likely to be multifactorial[2][3]
Contributary factors:
- Hyperglycaemic exposure - causing increased levels of intracellular glucose in nerves, leading to saturation of the normal glycolytic pathway
- Elevated lipids
- Hypertension
- Smoking
Development of symptoms depends on many factors, such as total hyperglycemic exposure and other risk factors such as elevated lipids, blood pressure, smoking, increased height, and high exposure to other potentially neurotoxic agents such as ethanol. Genetic factors may also play a role.[14] Important contributing biochemical mechanisms in the development of the more common symmetrical forms of diabetic polyneuropathy likely include the polyol pathway, advanced glycation end products, and oxidative stress.
Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
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Diagnostic Procedures[edit | edit source]
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Outcome Measures[edit | edit source]
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Management / Interventions
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Differential Diagnosis
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Key Evidence[edit | edit source]
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Resources
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Case Studies[edit | edit source]
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Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
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- ↑ Boulton AJ, Malik RA. Diabetic neuropathy. Med Clin North Am. Jul 1998;82(4):909-29
- ↑ Sugimoto K, Murakawa Y, Sima AA. Diabetic neuropathy--a continuing enigma. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. Nov-Dec 2000;16(6):408-33
- ↑ Zochodne DW. Diabetic polyneuropathy: an update. Curr Opin Neurol. Oct 2008;21(5):527-33
