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...trachea)<ref name=":0">Lang, J., 1993. ''Clinical anatomy of the cervical spine''. Stuttgart; New York: Thieme.</ref> is located at the anterior aspect of ...o, D., Lee, S. and Kim, I., 2013. ''Surgical Anatomy and Techniques to the Spine E-Book''. Elsevier Health Sciences.</ref>

...ortant role in back health. It also acts to both laterally flex the lumbar spine and assists with flexion and external rotation of the hip.<ref name=":2">Bo ...h it. Superficially, it originates along the lateral surface of the distal thoracic vertebrae and adjacent intervertebral discs. The deeper portion originates

...if warranted; [[Posture|postural]] issues: [[Cervical Examination|cervical spine]] alignment; nerve and muscle lengths; [[muscle]] strength. *Cervical spine and carpal bone mobilisation

...istance, photographically derived trunk flexion angle, and inclinometric [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis]] measure)<ref name=":3" />. It has also shown the ability t ...ormative data using a seated TWT<ref>Finsback C, Mannerkorpi K. Spinal and thoracic mobility-age-related reference values for healthy men and women. Nordisk fy

...he ULTT's are equivalent to the straight leg raise designed for the lumbar spine. ...d. To further sensitise the upper limb tests, side flexion of the cervical spine can be added<ref>Wells P. Cervical dysfunction and shoulder problems. Physi

...10.1186/1471-2474-8-90 Reliability of movement control tests in the lumbar spine.] BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2007 Dec;8(1):1-1.<ref name=":1" /> ...10.1186/1471-2474-8-90 Reliability of movement control tests in the lumbar spine.] BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2007 Dec;8(1):1-1.</ref>

...evier; 2006</ref>&nbsp;and the medial border is about 6 cms lateral to the spine. ...inal” axis perpendicular to the axis running from the root of the scapular spine to the AC joint. &nbsp;

...elderly|falls]], assaults - most common injury is blunt [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] trauma, occurring in 50% of cases ...rams|home exercise plan]] eg postural exercises, deep breathing exercises, thoracic rotation exercises.

[[File:Osteoprosis of Spine.jpg|thumb|Osteoprosis of Spine]]The effects of bone structure changes may bring about: ...bral discs]], result in a curved and shortened spine and possible</span> [[Thoracic Hyperkyphosis|poor posture]], leads to pain, reduced mobility, and other mu

...ve the patient slump forward at the thoracic and [[Lumbar Anatomy|lumbar]] spine. If this position does not cause pain, have the patient flex the neck by pl [[Category:Lumbar Spine]]

...sses<ref name=":3">Spine Health Spinal Manipulation Available: https://www.spine-health.com/glossary/spinal-manipulation (accessed 13.6.2021)</ref>. ...back pain who demonstrate short-term improvement with spinal manipulation. Spine. 2002;27(24):2835-2843.</ref>Criteria included in the five factor predictor

An orthopaedic doctor will generally prescribe a back brace to keep the spine from developing more of a curve. There are several braces for sale in the m ...f><ref>Horng MH, Kuok CP, Fu MJ, Lin CJ, Sun YN. Cobb angle measurement of spine from X-ray images using convolutional neural network. Computational and mat

...id=30774207&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pmc t of forward head posture on thoracic shape and respiratory function]. Journal of physical therapy science. 2019; * Thoracic Kyphosis is a complication of the combination of slouched-forward shoulders

...; Arms bend at elbow or sway excessively forward - Potential Dysfunction: Thoracic or Shoulder mobility ...xcessively flexes for extends - Potential Dysfunction, hip mobility and/or thoracic mobility<ref>Webexercises [https://blog.webexercises.com/the-squat-assessme

...J, Kahle K. Diagnostic pitfalls in spine surgery: masqueraders of surgical spine disease. Neurosurgical Focus. 2011;31(4).</ref>. Although the percentage of *Back pain is usually mid thoracic and may radiate to the arm or axilla.

...n early fetal development and in turn cause structural problems within the spine and spinal cord. These deformities can range from mild to severe and may ca ...ngenital spinal deformities Available:https://khavkinclinic.com/congential-spine-deformities/ (accessed 10.10.2021)</ref>

...ent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can be defined as abnormal curvature of the spine with a [[Cobb's angle]] greater than 10 degrees, when measured in the coron ...t of the anterior. Vertebral bodies become distorted and rotate within the spine in order to make room for themselves due to the impediment of the anterior

...of her neck. Personal and familial history of hypothyroidism. Cervical and thoracic ROM limited in several directions. ...Cervical extension 35 degrees. Left cervical rotation 26 degrees. Thoracic spine flexion limited to 10 degrees. Side bending bilaterally limited to 15 degre

...lving upper limb parathaesia, weakness with reduced [[Thoracic Examination|thoracic movement]] and tenderness on palpation of the T4 vertebra.<ref>Miyuki Hirai A typical [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] vertebra has a total of six joints with neighboring vertebrae: four [[Joi

...and can be described as an exaggerated anterior curvature of the thoracic spine that is associated with aging<ref name="Jang et al." /> * Anterior curvature of the thoracic spine is normal and present due to the shape of the vertebral bodies and interver