Congenital Spine Deformities: Difference between revisions
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<br>Keywords: Congenital spine deformities, spinal anatomy, congenital abnormalities of the spine<br><br> | <br>Keywords: Congenital spine deformities, spinal anatomy, congenital abnormalities of the spine<br><br> | ||
== Definition/Description | == Definition/Description<ref name="1">Kaplan K.M., Spivak J.M., Bendo J.A. Embryology of the spine and associated congenital abnormalities. Spine J. 2005 Sep-Oct;5(5):564-76. Score: A1</ref><ref name="2">Chan G., Dormans J.P. Update on congenital spinal deformities: preoperative evaluation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009 Aug 1;34(17):1766-74. Score: A1</ref><ref name="3">Marks D.S., Qaimkhani S.A. The natural history of congenital scoliosis and kyphosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009 Aug 1;34(17):1751-5. Score: A1</ref> == | ||
The spine is a complex and vital structure. Anatomically, a variety of tissue types are represented in the spine, including musculoskeletal and neural elements. Several embryologic steps must occur to result in the proper formation of both the musculoskeletal and neural elements of the spine. Alterations in these embryologic steps can result in congenital abnormalities of the spine. Based on the type of malformation, the resulting deformity and the specific region of the spine where the malformation occurs, these congenital malformations of the spine can be classified into three main groups:<br>1) When the neural tube fails to completely close during the embryonic development, we speak about a [[neural tube defect|neural tube defect]]. The most common example is [[spina bifida|spina bifida]].<br>2) When two or more vertebrae fail to fully separate and divide with concomitant partial or complete loss of a growth plate, we speak about a [[failure of segmentation|failure of segmentation]]. Examples of this type of congenital spine deformity are congenital [[Scoliosis|scoliosis]], [[congenital kyphosis|congenital kyphosis]], [[congenital lordosis|congenital lordosis]] and [[Klippel-Feil syndrome|Klippel-Feil syndrome<span id="fck_dom_range_temp_1306161541109_65" />]].<br>3) However, congenital [[Scoliosis|scoliosis]] and [[congenital kyphosis|congenital kyphosis]] can also be examples of a [[failure of formation|failure of formation]]. This type of congenital spine deformity occurs as a result of an absence of a structural element of a vertebra. Typical observable defects are hemivertebrae or wedge vertebrae. | |||
== Clinically Relevant Anatomy == | == Clinically Relevant Anatomy == | ||
Revision as of 16:53, 23 May 2011
Original Editors - Gertjan Peeters
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Keywords: Congenital spine deformities, spinal anatomy, congenital abnormalities of the spine
Definition/DescriptionCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive titleCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive titleCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title[edit | edit source]
The spine is a complex and vital structure. Anatomically, a variety of tissue types are represented in the spine, including musculoskeletal and neural elements. Several embryologic steps must occur to result in the proper formation of both the musculoskeletal and neural elements of the spine. Alterations in these embryologic steps can result in congenital abnormalities of the spine. Based on the type of malformation, the resulting deformity and the specific region of the spine where the malformation occurs, these congenital malformations of the spine can be classified into three main groups:
1) When the neural tube fails to completely close during the embryonic development, we speak about a neural tube defect. The most common example is spina bifida.
2) When two or more vertebrae fail to fully separate and divide with concomitant partial or complete loss of a growth plate, we speak about a failure of segmentation. Examples of this type of congenital spine deformity are congenital scoliosis, congenital kyphosis, congenital lordosis and Klippel-Feil syndrome.
3) However, congenital scoliosis and congenital kyphosis can also be examples of a failure of formation. This type of congenital spine deformity occurs as a result of an absence of a structural element of a vertebra. Typical observable defects are hemivertebrae or wedge vertebrae.
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