Foot and Ankle Assessment-Investigations and Tests: Difference between revisions

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=== Investigations  ===
=== Investigations  ===


==== X-Rays ====
==== ''X-Rays'' ====


==== Diagnostic Ultrasound ====
==== ''Diagnostic Ultrasound'' ====


==== MRI ====
==== ''MRI'' ====


==== CT Scan ====
==== ''CT Scan'' ====


=== Special Tests ===
=== Special Tests ===
==== Functional Tests ====
==== ''Ottawa Foot and Ankle Rules'' ====


*Small knee bend
==== ''Knee To Wall Test'' ====
*Sit to stand
*Squat
*Double heel raise
*Jump
*Single leg stand
*Single knee bend
*Single heel raise
*Hop
*Running


{{#ev:youtube|l6gkHR02rIM|400}}<ref>Kris Porter DPT. Movement Screen of the Lower Quarter. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l6gkHR02rIM [last accessed 30/6/2021]</ref>
==== ''Anterior Drawer Test'' ====
 
==== ''Squeeze Test'' ====
 
==== ''External Rotation Test'' ====
 
==== ''Cotton Test'' ====
 
==== ''Coleman Block Test'' ====
Other special tests include:
 
*[[Stress tests for Ankle ligaments|Ankle ligament stress tests]]
*[[Talar tilt|Talar tilt test]]
*[[Eversion Stress Test|Eversion stress test]]
*[[Silfverskiold Test|Silfverskiöld test]]
*[[Windlass Test|Windlass test]]
*[[Impingement sign ankle]]
*[[Navicular Drop Test|Navicular drop test]]
 
=== Questionnaires ===
FAAM
 
FADI
 
Visa-A
 
CRPS


Additional details can be found on the [[Foot and Ankle Assessment]] page.
Additional details can be found on the [[Foot and Ankle Assessment]] page.
==== Special Tests ====


Special tests are utilized to prove or disprove the working hypothesis, as well as to identify dysfunctional structures/tissues. They include the following: &nbsp;
The following video demonstrates the application and interpretation of special tests for foot and ankle assessment:{{#ev:youtube|l6gkHR02rIM|400}}<ref>Kris Porter DPT. Movement Screen of the Lower Quarter. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l6gkHR02rIM [last accessed 30/6/2021]</ref>
 
 
*[[Ottawa Ankle Rules|Ottawa ankle rules]] (to determine if radiographs are indicated to rule out fracture)   
*[[Ottawa Ankle Rules|Ottawa ankle rules]] (to determine if radiographs are indicated to rule out fracture)   
*[[Stress tests for Ankle ligaments|Ankle ligament stress tests]]  
*[[Stress tests for Ankle ligaments|Ankle ligament stress tests]]  

Revision as of 21:36, 8 January 2022

Original Editor - Rachael Lowe

Top Contributors - Ewa Jaraczewska, Admin, Kim Jackson, Lucinda hampton, Samuel Adedigba, Nikhil Benhur Abburi, Jess Bell, Shejza Mino, Rachael Lowe, Kai A. Sigel, Simisola Ajeyalemi, Khloud Shreif, Evan Thomas, Rucha Gadgil, Wanda van Niekerk and Pinar Kisacik

This article is currently under review and may not be up to date. Please come back soon to see the finished work! (8/01/2022)

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Taking patient's history and completing an objective assessment is a gold standard of the foot and ankle assessment. The purpose of using special investigations and tests is to confirm the clinical diagnosis.

"We can't treat the patient just on x-rays or just on MRI findings. These things have to come together (with objective assessment)". Helene Simpson

Techniques[edit | edit source]

Investigations[edit | edit source]

X-Rays[edit | edit source]

Diagnostic Ultrasound[edit | edit source]

MRI[edit | edit source]

CT Scan[edit | edit source]

Special Tests[edit | edit source]

Ottawa Foot and Ankle Rules[edit | edit source]

Knee To Wall Test[edit | edit source]

Anterior Drawer Test[edit | edit source]

Squeeze Test[edit | edit source]

External Rotation Test[edit | edit source]

Cotton Test[edit | edit source]

Coleman Block Test[edit | edit source]

Other special tests include:

Questionnaires[edit | edit source]

FAAM

FADI

Visa-A

CRPS

Additional details can be found on the Foot and Ankle Assessment page.

The following video demonstrates the application and interpretation of special tests for foot and ankle assessment:

[1]



[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Kris Porter DPT. Movement Screen of the Lower Quarter. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l6gkHR02rIM [last accessed 30/6/2021]
  2. ↑ Kate Cornet.Windlass Test. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZO0wREhjxH0&t=2s[last accessed 30/6/2021]
  3. ↑ Kate Cornet. Thompsons Test. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SjwwWc1d5dg [last accessed 30/6/2021]
  4. ↑ Kate Cornet. Ankle Anterior Drawer. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hkrKU7MI93c [last accessed 30/6/2021]
  5. ↑ Kate Cornet.Talar Tilt. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BSvjmMMNGf0[last accessed 30/6/2021]
  6. ↑ Kate Cornet. Squeeze Test. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ANIUAmCt5t8[last accessed 30/6/2021]
  7. ↑ Kate Cornet.Mortons Test. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lyfLdQJ--PA [last accessed 30/6/2021]


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