Sports Screening: Postural Assessment: Difference between revisions
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== Purpose == | == Purpose == | ||
In athletes postural assessment is | The body posture of sportsmen is an area of interest for many researchers seeking to determine potential relations between body asymmetry and unilateral load accumulation, as well as specific injuries.<ref name=":2">Żuk B, Sutkowski M, Paśko S, Grudniewski T. [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-47619-1 Posture correctness of young female soccer players.] Scientific reports. 2019 Aug 1;9(1):1-7. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-47619-1 (last accessed 16.12.2019)</ref> In athletes postural assessment is important, because of the inter-relationship between the trunk and core musculature and the lower quarter and upper quarter.<ref name=":0">Kolt GS, Snyder-Mackler L. Physical Therapies in Sport and Exercise. 2nd ED. Edinburgh. Churchill Livingstone. Elsevier. 2007</ref> Postural assessment as part of the screening process is relevant as there is evidence of correlations between injury and posture<ref name=":1" />. Abnormal [[Posture|postures]] can influence muscle function.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
Studies of various sports find load accumulation and uneven muscle tone can cause postural faults | |||
* Volleyball is a discipline associated with high training loads. The sport involves a number of asymmetrical techniques, including the serve and the attack. Volleyball can result in an imbalance between the muscle tone and length and thus contribute to asymmetry of the spine. | |||
* Soccer is an endurance sport with repetitive complex motion sequences, as well as a high risk of body injury. The frequency of injuries among adult male players is high with most injuries occurring in the lower limbs. In most cases, these injuries involve damage to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The mechanics of the lumbar-pelvic-hip complex and the thoracolumbar fascia participate in the transfer of loads between the lower and upper limbs, the spine and the pelvis. Therefore, the analysis of possible pelvic asymmetries in posture measurements may be caused by injuries in the lower limbs<ref name=":2" />. | |||
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== Technique == | == Technique == | ||
Revision as of 07:00, 16 December 2019
Original Editor - Wanda van Niekerk
Lead Editors
Purpose[edit | edit source]
The body posture of sportsmen is an area of interest for many researchers seeking to determine potential relations between body asymmetry and unilateral load accumulation, as well as specific injuries.[1] In athletes postural assessment is important, because of the inter-relationship between the trunk and core musculature and the lower quarter and upper quarter.[2] Postural assessment as part of the screening process is relevant as there is evidence of correlations between injury and posture[3]. Abnormal postures can influence muscle function.[2]
Studies of various sports find load accumulation and uneven muscle tone can cause postural faults
- Volleyball is a discipline associated with high training loads. The sport involves a number of asymmetrical techniques, including the serve and the attack. Volleyball can result in an imbalance between the muscle tone and length and thus contribute to asymmetry of the spine.
- Soccer is an endurance sport with repetitive complex motion sequences, as well as a high risk of body injury. The frequency of injuries among adult male players is high with most injuries occurring in the lower limbs. In most cases, these injuries involve damage to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The mechanics of the lumbar-pelvic-hip complex and the thoracolumbar fascia participate in the transfer of loads between the lower and upper limbs, the spine and the pelvis. Therefore, the analysis of possible pelvic asymmetries in posture measurements may be caused by injuries in the lower limbs[1].
Technique[edit | edit source]
The athlete is barefoot and stands in a relaxed position/posture. There should be sufficient distance between the athlete and the assessing physiotherapist to adequately view the athlete's posture. The various components of the postural assessment is viewed anteriorly, posteriorly and from the side as well.
Examples of the various components that can be included in the postural assessment:
- Head on neck position
- Shoulder: Symmetry - are the shoulders level from anterior and posterior view
- Shoulder: Roundedness -assessed anteriorly and from the side. Are the shoulders in internal rotation? Is there anterior translation of the humeral head?
- Thoracic spine:assessed from the side. Is an increased or decreased thoracic Thoracic Hyperkyphosis present?
- General spinal curvature: assessed posteriorly. Is there a spinal scoliosis present?
- Lumbar spine: assessed from the side. Is there an increased lumbar lordosis or a flattened lumbar spine? Assessed from the back - any visible muscle spasm? Hinging at the thoracolumbar junction?
- Pelvis - assessed from the front, rear and side. Assess levels of ASIS, PSIS. Assess levels of iliac crests. Is pelvis in anterior or posterior tilt?
- Hips: Symmetry - are hips level. Are hips in internal or external rotation? Is there a visible gluteal bulk? Are the hips in extension or flexion - viewed from the side?
- Knees: are the knees in hyperextension when viewed from the side?
Where possible, identify the overall postural type (e.g. Flat back, Sway back, Normal, Lordosis, Lordosis/Kyphosis) as this can provide clues to what structures are at risk.
Evidence[edit | edit source]
Reliability: A basic musculoskeletal postural assessment is sufficiently reliable when performed by trained clinicians. Posture, mobility and movement can be assessed with adequate reliabililty.[3]
Resources[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Żuk B, Sutkowski M, Paśko S, Grudniewski T. Posture correctness of young female soccer players. Scientific reports. 2019 Aug 1;9(1):1-7. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-47619-1 (last accessed 16.12.2019)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kolt GS, Snyder-Mackler L. Physical Therapies in Sport and Exercise. 2nd ED. Edinburgh. Churchill Livingstone. Elsevier. 2007
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Toivo K, Kannus P, Kokko S, et al Musculoskeletal examination in young athletes and non-athletes: the Finnish Health Promoting Sports Club (FHPSC) study BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 2018;4:e000376.
