Assistive Devices: Difference between revisions
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Assistive devices and technologies are those whose primary purpose is to maintain or improve an individual’s functioning and independence to facilitate participation and to enhance overall well-being. Examples of assistive devices and technologies include wheelchairs, prostheses, hearings aids, visual aids, and specialized computer software and hardware that increase mobility, hearing, vision, or communication capacities.<ref>1. ORGANIZATION WHO. disability [cited 2018 09-28-2018]. Available from: <nowiki>http://www.who.int/disabilities/technology/en/</nowiki>.</ref> | Assistive devices and technologies are those whose primary purpose is to maintain or improve an individual’s functioning and independence to facilitate participation and to enhance overall well-being. Examples of assistive devices and technologies include wheelchairs, prostheses, hearings aids, visual aids, and specialized computer software and hardware that increase mobility, hearing, vision, or communication capacities.<ref>1. ORGANIZATION WHO. disability [cited 2018 09-28-2018]. Available from: <nowiki>http://www.who.int/disabilities/technology/en/</nowiki>.</ref> | ||
The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) defines assistive products and technology as any product, instrument, equipment or technology adapted or specially designed for improving the functioning of a person with a disability. <ref name=":0">UNICEF, WHO. Assistive Technology for Children with Disabilities: Creating Opportunities for Education, Inclusion and Participation 2015 [cited 2018 SEPTEMBER 28]. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.unicef.org/disabilities/files/Assistive-Tech-Web.pdf</nowiki>.</ref> | The [[International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)|International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health]] (ICF) defines assistive products and technology as any product, instrument, equipment or technology adapted or specially designed for improving the functioning of a person with a disability. <ref name=":0">UNICEF, WHO. Assistive Technology for Children with Disabilities: Creating Opportunities for Education, Inclusion and Participation 2015 [cited 2018 SEPTEMBER 28]. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.unicef.org/disabilities/files/Assistive-Tech-Web.pdf</nowiki>.</ref> | ||
The [https://www.iso.org/home.html International Organization for Standardization] (ISO) defines assistive products more broadly as any product, especially produced or generally available, that is used by or for persons with disability: for participation; to protect, support, train, measure or substitute for body functions/structures and activities; or to prevent impairments, activity limitations or participation restrictions.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
== Barriers | == Barriers to Assistive Devices <ref name=":0" /> == | ||
* Lack of awareness | * Lack of awareness | ||
* Lack of governance including legislation, policies and national programmes | * Lack of governance including legislation, policies and national programmes | ||
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* Financial barriers | * Financial barriers | ||
== Strategies for | == Strategies for Providing Assistive Devices<ref name=":0" /> == | ||
Strategies for providing assistive technology/ devices need to consider the principles of 5A&Q | Strategies for providing assistive technology/ devices need to consider the principles of 5A&Q | ||
* Availability | * Availability | ||
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Services and products are of an appropriate quality. Product quality can be measured through applicable technical standards or guidelines in terms of strength, durability, capacity, safety and comfort. | Services and products are of an appropriate quality. Product quality can be measured through applicable technical standards or guidelines in terms of strength, durability, capacity, safety and comfort. | ||
=== | === Examples of Assistive Devices === | ||
* Wheelchair | * [[Wheelchair Design|Wheelchairs]] | ||
* [[Canes| | * [[Canes|Canes]] | ||
* [[Crutches]] | * [[Crutches]] | ||
* [[Walkers]] | * [[Walkers]] or walking frames | ||
* Walking stick | * [[Canes|Walking stick]] | ||
* Tricycle | * Tricycle | ||
* | * [[Prosthetics]] e.g. or hand, leg or hand splint | ||
* Clubfoot brace | * [[Clubfoot, Management and Barriers to treatment in underdeveloped countries.|Clubfoot]] brace | ||
* Eyeglass | * Eyeglass | ||
* White cane | * White cane | ||
* | * Communication cards | ||
* Eyeglasses, magnifier, magnifying software for computer | * Eyeglasses, magnifier, magnifying software for computer | ||
* GPS-based navigation device Braille systems for reading and writing | * GPS-based navigation device | ||
* Braille systems for reading and writing | |||
* Talking book player | * Talking book player | ||
* Picture based instructions | * Picture based instructions | ||
* | * Timers: manual or automatic reminder | ||
* | * Smartphones with adapted task lists | ||
* Adapted toys and games | * Adapted toys and games | ||
Revision as of 07:44, 25 February 2019
Original Editor - Redisha Jakibanjar
Top Contributors - Ines Musabyemariya, Lauren Lopez, Redisha Jakibanjar, Lucinda hampton, Kim Jackson, Rachael Lowe, Rucha Gadgil, Naomi O'Reilly, Nupur Smit Shah, Aminat Abolade, Robin Tacchetti and Angeliki Chorti
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Assistive devices and technologies are those whose primary purpose is to maintain or improve an individual’s functioning and independence to facilitate participation and to enhance overall well-being. Examples of assistive devices and technologies include wheelchairs, prostheses, hearings aids, visual aids, and specialized computer software and hardware that increase mobility, hearing, vision, or communication capacities.[1]
The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) defines assistive products and technology as any product, instrument, equipment or technology adapted or specially designed for improving the functioning of a person with a disability. [2]
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines assistive products more broadly as any product, especially produced or generally available, that is used by or for persons with disability: for participation; to protect, support, train, measure or substitute for body functions/structures and activities; or to prevent impairments, activity limitations or participation restrictions.[2]
Barriers to Assistive Devices [2][edit | edit source]
- Lack of awareness
- Lack of governance including legislation, policies and national programmes
- Lack of services
- Lack of products
- Inaccessible environments
- Lack of human resources
- Financial barriers
Strategies for Providing Assistive Devices[2][edit | edit source]
Strategies for providing assistive technology/ devices need to consider the principles of 5A&Q
- Availability
- Accessibility
- Affordability
- Adaptability
- Acceptability
- Quality
Availability[edit | edit source]
Services and products are available in sufficient quantity as close as possible to children’s communities.
Accessibility[edit | edit source]
Services and products are accessible to everyone who needs them. Their delivery should be equitable to avoid discrepancies between genders, impairment groups, socioeconomic groups and geographic regions.
Affordability[edit | edit source]
Services and products are affordable to everyone who needs them.
Adaptability[edit | edit source]
Services and products are adapted and modified to ensure they are appropriate to the needs and requirements of individual . They need to accommodate differences in terms of individual factors (for example, health condition, body structure, body function, capacity, gender, age, ethnicity and preference) as well as environmental factors (for example, physical environment, psychosocial environment, climate and culture)
Acceptability[edit | edit source]
Services and products are acceptable to everyone. Factors such as efficiency, reliability, simplicity, safety, comfort and aesthetics should be taken into account to ensure that devices and related services are acceptable.
Quality[edit | edit source]
Services and products are of an appropriate quality. Product quality can be measured through applicable technical standards or guidelines in terms of strength, durability, capacity, safety and comfort.
Examples of Assistive Devices[edit | edit source]
- Wheelchairs
- Canes
- Crutches
- Walkers or walking frames
- Walking stick
- Tricycle
- Prosthetics e.g. or hand, leg or hand splint
- Clubfoot brace
- Eyeglass
- White cane
- Communication cards
- Eyeglasses, magnifier, magnifying software for computer
- GPS-based navigation device
- Braille systems for reading and writing
- Talking book player
- Picture based instructions
- Timers: manual or automatic reminder
- Smartphones with adapted task lists
- Adapted toys and games
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1. ORGANIZATION WHO. disability [cited 2018 09-28-2018]. Available from: http://www.who.int/disabilities/technology/en/.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 UNICEF, WHO. Assistive Technology for Children with Disabilities: Creating Opportunities for Education, Inclusion and Participation 2015 [cited 2018 SEPTEMBER 28]. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/disabilities/files/Assistive-Tech-Web.pdf.
