Whiplash Associated Disorders

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Clinically Relevant Anatomy

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Mechanism of Injury / Pathological Process

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Clinical Presentation

QTFC (Quebec Task Force Classification)

QTFC Grade	Clinical presentation
0	No complaint about neck pain No physical signs
I	Nec complaints of pain, stiffness or tenderness only No physical signs
II	Neck complaint Musculoskeletal signs including decreased ROM point tenderness
III	Neck complaint Musculosceletal signs Neurological signs including: decreased or absent deep tendon reflexes muscle weakness sensory deficits
IV	Neck complaint and fracture or dislocation

MQTFC (Modified Quebec Task Force Classification)

Proposed classificaiton grade	Physical and psychological impairments present
WAD 0	No complaints about neck pain No physical signs
WAD I	Neck complaings of pain, stiffness or tenderness only No physical signs
WAD IIA	Neck complaint Motor impairment decreased ROM altered muscle recruitment patterns (CCFT) Sensory Impairment local cervical mechanical hyperalgesia
WAD IIB	Neck complaint Motor impairment decreased ROM altered muscle recruitment patterns (CCFT) Sensory Impairment local cervical mechanical hyperalgesia Psychological impairment elevated psychological disstress (GHQ, TAMPA)
WAD IIC	Neck complaint Motor impairment decreased ROM altered muscle recruitment patterns (CCFT) increased JPE Sensory Impairment local cervical mechanical hyperalgesia generalised sensory hypersensitivity (mechanical, thermal, ULNT) Some may show SNS disturbances Psychological impairment elevated psychological disstress (GHQ, TAMPA) elevated levels of acute posttraumatic stress (IES)
WAD III	Neck complaint Motor impairment decreased ROM altered muscle recruitment patterns (CCFT) increased JPE Sensory Impairment local cervical mechanical hyperalgesia generalised sensory hypersensitivity (mechanical, thermal, ULNT) Some may show SNS disturbances Neurological signs of conduction loss including: decrease or absent deep tendon reflexes muscle weakness sensory deficits Psychological impairment elevated psychological disstress (GHQ, TAMPA) elevated levels of acute posttraumatic stress (IES)
WAD IV	Fracture or dislocation

Diagnostic Procedures

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Management / Interventions

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Differential Diagnosis

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Key Evidence

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Resources

www.som.uq.edu.au/whiplash

Whiplash evidence based informatin resources EBM Ressources (University of Queensland)

Case Studies

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References

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