Waddell Sign: Difference between revisions
mNo edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
Be the first to edit this page and have your name permanently included as the original editor, see the [[Editing pages|editing pages tutorial]] for help. | Be the first to edit this page and have your name permanently included as the original editor, see the [[Editing pages|editing pages tutorial]] for help. | ||
{| cellspacing="5" cellpadding="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(163, 177, 191); margin: 15px 0pt 0pt; width: 300px; vertical-align: top; float: right; background-color: rgb(227, 228, 250); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" | {| cellspacing="5" cellpadding="2" style="border: 1px solid rgb(163, 177, 191); margin: 15px 0pt 0pt; width: 300px; vertical-align: top; float: right; background-color: rgb(227, 228, 250); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 13: | Line 14: | ||
== Purpose<br> == | == Purpose<br> == | ||
Waddell's signs were developed to identify psychogenic, or nonorganic, manifestations of pain in patients that may have heightened emotional effects on their conditions. In order for these signs to be significantly correlated with disability, three of the five signs should be present. | Waddell's signs were developed to identify psychogenic, or nonorganic, manifestations of pain in patients that may have heightened emotional effects on their conditions. In order for these signs to be significantly correlated with disability, three of the five signs should be present.<ref name="Dutton">Dutton, M. (2008). Orthopaedic: Examination, evaluation, and intervention (2nd ed.). New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc</ref> | ||
== Technique<br> == | == Technique<br> == | ||
1. Non-anatomical, widespread, referring tenderness in response to light touch. | 1. Non-anatomical, widespread, referring tenderness in response to light touch. | ||
2. Simulation tests | 2. Simulation tests | ||
a. Axial loading of the spine applying light pressure through the head | a. Axial loading of the spine applying light pressure through the head | ||
b. With the patient in standing, passive hip and shoulder rotation | b. With the patient in standing, passive hip and shoulder rotation | ||
3. Distraction test - test a positive finding on a distracted patient | 3. Distraction test - test a positive finding on a distracted patient | ||
example: If pain is found in testing hip flexion, observe the patient in tying his shoes | example: If pain is found in testing hip flexion, observe the patient in tying his shoes | ||
4. Regional disturbances – experiencing sensory or motor disturbances that are lacking in neurologic basis<br>5. Overreaction during examination (tension, grimacing, verbalization, tremors, etc.) | 4. Regional disturbances – experiencing sensory or motor disturbances that are lacking in neurologic basis<br>5. Overreaction during examination (tension, grimacing, verbalization, tremors, etc.)<ref name="Dutton">Dutton, M. (2008). Orthopaedic: Examination, evaluation, and intervention (2nd ed.). New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc</ref> | ||
== Evidence == | == Evidence == | ||
| Line 37: | Line 38: | ||
== Resources == | == Resources == | ||
Waddell, G., McCulloch, J.A., Kummel, E., Venner, R.M. (1980). Nonorganic Physical Signs in Low-Back Pain. Spine, 5(2), 117-125. | Waddell, G., McCulloch, J.A., Kummel, E., Venner, R.M. (1980). Nonorganic Physical Signs in Low-Back Pain. Spine, 5(2), 117-125. | ||
== References<br> == | == References<br> == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
Revision as of 18:12, 2 June 2009
Be the first to edit this page and have your name permanently included as the original editor, see the editing pages tutorial for help.
|
Original Editor - Your name will be added here if you created the original content for this page. Lead Editors - Your name will be added here if you are a lead editor on this page. Read more. |
Purpose
[edit | edit source]
Waddell's signs were developed to identify psychogenic, or nonorganic, manifestations of pain in patients that may have heightened emotional effects on their conditions. In order for these signs to be significantly correlated with disability, three of the five signs should be present.[1]
Technique
[edit | edit source]
1. Non-anatomical, widespread, referring tenderness in response to light touch.
2. Simulation tests
a. Axial loading of the spine applying light pressure through the head
b. With the patient in standing, passive hip and shoulder rotation
3. Distraction test - test a positive finding on a distracted patient
example: If pain is found in testing hip flexion, observe the patient in tying his shoes
4. Regional disturbances – experiencing sensory or motor disturbances that are lacking in neurologic basis
5. Overreaction during examination (tension, grimacing, verbalization, tremors, etc.)[1]
Evidence[edit | edit source]
Provide the evidence for this technique here
Resources[edit | edit source]
Waddell, G., McCulloch, J.A., Kummel, E., Venner, R.M. (1980). Nonorganic Physical Signs in Low-Back Pain. Spine, 5(2), 117-125.
