Visual Motor Integration: Difference between revisions
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
The concept of visual-motor integration is complex and influenced by various factors, including visual receptive functions, visual cognitive functions, fine motor ability and the coordination of visual, cognitive and motor processess<ref>Dankert HL, Davies PL, Gavin WJ. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/9065315_Occupational_Therapy_Effects_on_Visual-Motor_Skills_in_Preschool_Children Occupational therapy effects on visual motor skills in preschool children]. American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2003; 57(5): 542-549</ref>. | The concept of visual-motor integration is complex and influenced by various factors, including visual receptive functions, visual cognitive functions, fine motor ability and the coordination of visual, cognitive and motor processess<ref name=":0">Dankert HL, Davies PL, Gavin WJ. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/9065315_Occupational_Therapy_Effects_on_Visual-Motor_Skills_in_Preschool_Children Occupational therapy effects on visual motor skills in preschool children]. American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2003; 57(5): 542-549</ref>. | ||
== Background == | == Background == | ||
The integration of visual and motor skills holds significance in the development of children. It is closely linked to various functional abilities and the capacity to engage in daily tasks<ref>Marr D, Cermak S. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11032620_Predicting_handwriting_performance_of_early_elementary_students_with_the_developmental_test_of_visual_motor_integration Predicting handwriting performance of early elementary students with the developmental test of visual-motor integration]. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 2002; 95(1): 661-669</ref>. For instance, visual-motor integration plays a crucial role in the acquisition of handwriting skills<ref>Volman MJM, van Schendel B, Jongmans MJ. [https://atinternetmodules.org/storage/ocali-ims-sites/ocali-ims-atim/documents/Handwriting_difficulties_inprimary_school_underlying_mechanisms.pdf Handwriting difficulties in primary school children: A search for underlying mechanisms.] American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2006; 60(4): 451-460</ref><br> | The integration of visual and motor skills holds significance in the development of children. It is closely linked to various functional abilities and the capacity to engage in daily tasks<ref>Marr D, Cermak S. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11032620_Predicting_handwriting_performance_of_early_elementary_students_with_the_developmental_test_of_visual_motor_integration Predicting handwriting performance of early elementary students with the developmental test of visual-motor integration]. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 2002; 95(1): 661-669</ref>. For instance, visual-motor integration plays a crucial role in the acquisition of handwriting skills<ref>Volman MJM, van Schendel B, Jongmans MJ. [https://atinternetmodules.org/storage/ocali-ims-sites/ocali-ims-atim/documents/Handwriting_difficulties_inprimary_school_underlying_mechanisms.pdf Handwriting difficulties in primary school children: A search for underlying mechanisms.] American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2006; 60(4): 451-460</ref>. Approximately 10% to 30% of school-aged children are estimated to encounter difficulties with handwriting<ref>Karlsdottir R, Stefansson T. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11345573_Problems_in_developing_functional_handwriting Problems in developing functional handwriting]. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 2002; 94(2): 623-662</ref>.Various research has noted that visual-motor integration is a significant predictor of handwriting performance<ref name=":0" /><ref>Feder KP, Majnemer A. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227869132_Handwriting_development_competency_and_intervention Handwriting development, competency, and intervention]. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 2007; 49(4): 312-317</ref>.This is especially in the early grades, as younger students often depend more on visual feedback and motor information to guide their movements when forming and replicating letters<ref>Klein S, Guiltner V, Sollereder P, Cui Y. Relationships between fine-motor, visual-motor, and visual perception scores and handwriting legibility and speed. Physical & Occupation Therapy in Pediatrics. 2011; 31(1): 103-114</ref><ref>Overvelde A, Hulstijn W. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/49787840_Handwriting_development_in_grade_2_and_grade_3_primary_school_children_with_normal_at_risk_or_dysgraphic_characteristics Handwriting development in grade 2 and grade 3 primary school children with normal, at risk, or dysgraphic characteristics]. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2011; 32(2): 540-548</ref>. Beyond its impact on the development of handwriting, difficulties in visual-motor integration are likely to have repercussions on academic performance in areas such as reading and mathematics<ref>Sortor JM, Kulp MT. [https://lynnhellerstein.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/VMI-and-subtests-and-acad-final.pdf Are the results of the Beery-Buktenica developmental test of visual-motor integration and its subtests related to achievement test scores?] Optometry and Vision Science. 2003; 80(11): 758-763</ref>.<br> | ||
== Clinical Presentation == | == Clinical Presentation == | ||
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
The concept of visual-motor integration is complex and influenced by various factors, including visual receptive functions, visual cognitive functions, fine motor ability and the coordination of visual, cognitive and motor processess[1].
Background[edit | edit source]
The integration of visual and motor skills holds significance in the development of children. It is closely linked to various functional abilities and the capacity to engage in daily tasks[2]. For instance, visual-motor integration plays a crucial role in the acquisition of handwriting skills[3]. Approximately 10% to 30% of school-aged children are estimated to encounter difficulties with handwriting[4].Various research has noted that visual-motor integration is a significant predictor of handwriting performance[1][5].This is especially in the early grades, as younger students often depend more on visual feedback and motor information to guide their movements when forming and replicating letters[6][7]. Beyond its impact on the development of handwriting, difficulties in visual-motor integration are likely to have repercussions on academic performance in areas such as reading and mathematics[8].
Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
add text here relating to the clinical presentation of the condition
Diagnostic Procedures[edit | edit source]
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Outcome Measures[edit | edit source]
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Management / Interventions
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Differential Diagnosis
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Resources
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References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Dankert HL, Davies PL, Gavin WJ. Occupational therapy effects on visual motor skills in preschool children. American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2003; 57(5): 542-549
- ↑ Marr D, Cermak S. Predicting handwriting performance of early elementary students with the developmental test of visual-motor integration. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 2002; 95(1): 661-669
- ↑ Volman MJM, van Schendel B, Jongmans MJ. Handwriting difficulties in primary school children: A search for underlying mechanisms. American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2006; 60(4): 451-460
- ↑ Karlsdottir R, Stefansson T. Problems in developing functional handwriting. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 2002; 94(2): 623-662
- ↑ Feder KP, Majnemer A. Handwriting development, competency, and intervention. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 2007; 49(4): 312-317
- ↑ Klein S, Guiltner V, Sollereder P, Cui Y. Relationships between fine-motor, visual-motor, and visual perception scores and handwriting legibility and speed. Physical & Occupation Therapy in Pediatrics. 2011; 31(1): 103-114
- ↑ Overvelde A, Hulstijn W. Handwriting development in grade 2 and grade 3 primary school children with normal, at risk, or dysgraphic characteristics. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2011; 32(2): 540-548
- ↑ Sortor JM, Kulp MT. Are the results of the Beery-Buktenica developmental test of visual-motor integration and its subtests related to achievement test scores? Optometry and Vision Science. 2003; 80(11): 758-763
