Vasovagal Syncope: Difference between revisions
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'''Original Editor '''- [[User: | '''Original Editor '''- [[User:Lucinda hampton|Lucinda hampton]] | ||
'''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} | '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}} | ||
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
Vasovagal syncope (VVS), also known as neurocardiogenic or reflex [[syncope]], is caused by a sudden drop in [[Hypotension|blood pressure]], often triggered by a reaction to something. VVS is the most common form of syncope, and although usually harmless, its frequent occurrence adversely affects [[Quality of Life|quality of life]] and increase the risk of adverse events<ref>Longo S, Legramante JM, Rizza S, Federici M. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0953620523000973 Vasovagal syncope:] An overview of pathophysiological mechanisms. European Journal of Internal Medicine. 2023 Apr 6.Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0953620523000973<nowiki/>(accessed 4.5.2024)</ref>. Diagnosis and management of vasovagal syncope is hard as the differential diagnoses are manyfold. In most cases vasovagal syncope is treated conservatively.<ref>Jeanmonod R, Sahni D, Silberman M. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470277/ Vasovagal Episode]. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL).Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470277/ (accessed 3.5.2024)</ref> | |||
== | == Epidemiology == | ||
= | * VVS, the most common form of syncope in adults, is the cause of 85% of syncopal events in people younger than 40 years. | ||
* In older persons, more than half of syncopal episodes are due to VVS. VVS needs a working [[Autonomic Nervous System|autonomic nervous system]] its occurrence is low in those with autonomic nervous system dysfunction, eg [[Parkinson's|Parkinson disease]]. | |||
* Lifetime incidence a VVS is more than 33%.<ref name=":0">Jeanmonod R, Sahni D, Silberman M. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470277/ Vasovagal Episode]. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL).Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470277/ (accessed 4.5.2024)</ref> | |||
== | == Triggers == | ||
Include | |||
* Prolonged standing | |||
* Emotional stress | |||
* Pain | |||
* The sight of blood | |||
* Fear of needles | |||
* Time varying magnetic field, for example transcranial magnetic stimulation) | |||
== Management == | |||
VVS is on the whole treated conservatively. | |||
* If known and avoidable, patients need to avoid triggers. | |||
* Patients are may need to drink more fluids to improve their volume status and to slowly change positions. If the patient experiences "warning signs" of a VVS educate them to place themselves in a supine position if they feel an imminent event. | |||
* Most patients with VVS have a history of a syncopal prodrome. Patients may describe a feeling of lightheadedness, feelings of warmth and nausea, tunnel vision, ringing in their ears, and profuse sweating. | |||
* Preventative strategies at this stage will often prevent a VVS event by preventing traumatic risk from a fall. | |||
* In refractory or disabling cases and cases of prolonged asystole, [[Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices (CIEDs)|cardiac pacing]] is a therapeutic option.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
== Education Affected Persons == | |||
* Recognise warning symptoms and immediately: | |||
* Sit down or lie flat when possible with legs eg on top of a pillow, or up against a wall or chair. | |||
* Clench and unclench your fistsor squeeze the leg and buttock muscles. | |||
* Quick action may prevent the episode. | |||
* Get up cautiously when you feeling ok, but be prepared to sit down promptly if symptoms return. | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Conditions]] | |||
Latest revision as of 08:35, 4 May 2024
Original Editor - Lucinda hampton
Top Contributors - Lucinda hampton
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Vasovagal syncope (VVS), also known as neurocardiogenic or reflex syncope, is caused by a sudden drop in blood pressure, often triggered by a reaction to something. VVS is the most common form of syncope, and although usually harmless, its frequent occurrence adversely affects quality of life and increase the risk of adverse events[1]. Diagnosis and management of vasovagal syncope is hard as the differential diagnoses are manyfold. In most cases vasovagal syncope is treated conservatively.[2]
Epidemiology[edit | edit source]
- VVS, the most common form of syncope in adults, is the cause of 85% of syncopal events in people younger than 40 years.
- In older persons, more than half of syncopal episodes are due to VVS. VVS needs a working autonomic nervous system its occurrence is low in those with autonomic nervous system dysfunction, eg Parkinson disease.
- Lifetime incidence a VVS is more than 33%.[3]
Triggers[edit | edit source]
Include
- Prolonged standing
- Emotional stress
- Pain
- The sight of blood
- Fear of needles
- Time varying magnetic field, for example transcranial magnetic stimulation)
Management[edit | edit source]
VVS is on the whole treated conservatively.
- If known and avoidable, patients need to avoid triggers.
- Patients are may need to drink more fluids to improve their volume status and to slowly change positions. If the patient experiences "warning signs" of a VVS educate them to place themselves in a supine position if they feel an imminent event.
- Most patients with VVS have a history of a syncopal prodrome. Patients may describe a feeling of lightheadedness, feelings of warmth and nausea, tunnel vision, ringing in their ears, and profuse sweating.
- Preventative strategies at this stage will often prevent a VVS event by preventing traumatic risk from a fall.
- In refractory or disabling cases and cases of prolonged asystole, cardiac pacing is a therapeutic option.[3]
Education Affected Persons[edit | edit source]
- Recognise warning symptoms and immediately:
- Sit down or lie flat when possible with legs eg on top of a pillow, or up against a wall or chair.
- Clench and unclench your fistsor squeeze the leg and buttock muscles.
- Quick action may prevent the episode.
- Get up cautiously when you feeling ok, but be prepared to sit down promptly if symptoms return.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Longo S, Legramante JM, Rizza S, Federici M. Vasovagal syncope: An overview of pathophysiological mechanisms. European Journal of Internal Medicine. 2023 Apr 6.Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0953620523000973(accessed 4.5.2024)
- ↑ Jeanmonod R, Sahni D, Silberman M. Vasovagal Episode. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL).Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470277/ (accessed 3.5.2024)
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Jeanmonod R, Sahni D, Silberman M. Vasovagal Episode. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL).Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470277/ (accessed 4.5.2024)
