Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (VRSA): Difference between revisions

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== Clinically Relevant Anatomy<br>  ==
== Introduction ==


add text here relating to '''''clinically relevant''''' anatomy of the condition<br>  
Bacteria may sometimes evolve to become resistant to antibiotics. Whenever this occurs, these new bacteria are called "antibiotic resistant". Over time, staph bacterial have become difficult to treat with certain types of antibiotics, including vancomycin and [[Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus|methicillin]].<ref name=":0">https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/epidemiology/epidemiology-fact-sheets/vancomycin-intermediate-staphylococcus-aureus-visa-and-vancomycin-resistant-staphylococcus-aureus-vrsa-infections/?TSPD_101_R0=5b67e3c62340690422428653d26c0331v500000000000000000c73c106cffff000000000000000000000000000061d7461400b5bf837508a442c88dab2000285a6d2e016d91363242431de1ecef2901c747187b70441b18c8b646ce1c3c2808a3fca0230a2800a4557575aea6cc3042c56a5bface216f3122e7cd49a522be9ebeac071b6e748c19a967ef67592485</ref> Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) is a type of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.<ref name=":1">https://www.cdc.gov/hai/organisms/visa_vrsa/visa_vrsa.html</ref>


== Mechanism of Injury / Pathological Process<br> ==
Vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) bacteria are moderately resistant to antibiotics, while VRSA bacteria are strongly resistant to antibiotics.<ref name=":0" />  


add text here relating to the mechanism of injury and/or pathology of the condition<br>
== Pathological Process ==


== Clinical Presentation  ==
Staphylococcus aureus, also known as "staph", is a common type of bacteria that is often found on the skin and in the nose of healthy, asymptomatic people.<ref name=":0" />


add text here relating to the clinical presentation of the condition<br>  
VRSA bacteria are spread by direct person-to-person contact, usually on hands. VRSA bacteria may also spread by contact with VRSA-contaminated items, such as bandages, medical equipment, or surfaces. VRSA exposure does not guarantee illness. People who have been exposed to VRSA bacteria may carry the bacteria on their skin or in their nose and may not get sick at all, or may get sick from VRSA days, weeks, or months later.<ref name=":0" />


== Diagnostic Procedures  ==
== Risk Factors ==
Patients with the following conditions are at higher risk for VRSA infection:<ref name=":0" />


add text here relating to diagnostic tests for the condition<br>
* Co-morbid conditions (ex. diabetes or kidney disease)
* Previous infection with [[Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus|MRSA]]
* Recent hospitalization
* Tubes going into the body (ex. catheter)
* Recent use of vancomycin or other antibiotics


== Outcome Measures ==
== Clinical Presentation ==


add links to outcome measures here (see [[Outcome Measures|Outcome Measures Database]])
<br>


== Diagnostic Procedures  ==
Staph bacteria is identified as VRSA based on laboratory testing. These tests determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of an antimicrobial agent that inhibit the Staph bacteria growth. Staph bacteria are classified as VRSA if the MIC is ≥16μg/mL.<ref name=":1" /><br>
== Management / Interventions<br>  ==
== Management / Interventions<br>  ==


add text here relating to management approaches to the condition<br>
If a patient suspects they have a VRSA infection or has been exposed to VRSA, they should immediately contact their healthcare provider.
 
== Differential Diagnosis<br>  ==
 
add text here relating to the differential diagnosis of this condition<br>


== Resources <br> ==
As of 2010, VRSA is treatable with several FDA-approved drugs. <ref name=":1" /><br>  


add appropriate resources here
== Prevention ==


Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and appropriate hand hygiene by healthcare personnel can reduce the spread of VRSA.<ref name=":1" /><br>
== References  ==
== References  ==


<references />
<references />
[[Category:Communicable Diseases]]

Revision as of 21:46, 6 January 2022

This article or area is currently under construction and may only be partially complete. Please come back soon to see the finished work! (6/01/2022)

Original Editor - Audrey Brown
Top Contributors - Audrey Brown

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Bacteria may sometimes evolve to become resistant to antibiotics. Whenever this occurs, these new bacteria are called "antibiotic resistant". Over time, staph bacterial have become difficult to treat with certain types of antibiotics, including vancomycin and methicillin.[1] Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) is a type of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.[2]

Vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) bacteria are moderately resistant to antibiotics, while VRSA bacteria are strongly resistant to antibiotics.[1]

Pathological Process[edit | edit source]

Staphylococcus aureus, also known as "staph", is a common type of bacteria that is often found on the skin and in the nose of healthy, asymptomatic people.[1]

VRSA bacteria are spread by direct person-to-person contact, usually on hands. VRSA bacteria may also spread by contact with VRSA-contaminated items, such as bandages, medical equipment, or surfaces. VRSA exposure does not guarantee illness. People who have been exposed to VRSA bacteria may carry the bacteria on their skin or in their nose and may not get sick at all, or may get sick from VRSA days, weeks, or months later.[1]

Risk Factors[edit | edit source]

Patients with the following conditions are at higher risk for VRSA infection:[1]

  • Co-morbid conditions (ex. diabetes or kidney disease)
  • Previous infection with MRSA
  • Recent hospitalization
  • Tubes going into the body (ex. catheter)
  • Recent use of vancomycin or other antibiotics

Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]


Diagnostic Procedures[edit | edit source]

Staph bacteria is identified as VRSA based on laboratory testing. These tests determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of an antimicrobial agent that inhibit the Staph bacteria growth. Staph bacteria are classified as VRSA if the MIC is ≥16μg/mL.[2]

Management / Interventions
[edit | edit source]

If a patient suspects they have a VRSA infection or has been exposed to VRSA, they should immediately contact their healthcare provider.

As of 2010, VRSA is treatable with several FDA-approved drugs. [2]

Prevention[edit | edit source]

Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and appropriate hand hygiene by healthcare personnel can reduce the spread of VRSA.[2]

References[edit | edit source]