Sitting Ergonomics And The Impact on Low Back Pain

Introduction

We all, at some point in our lives, will sit for a long period of time. Whether that is at a desk at work, eating dinner at the table, or sitting to watch a film. Many theories have been produced about how our posture should be during this time. From sitting up straight with no support to using specialised equipment to keep our backs in a correct and safe position. Below will discuss what the evidence says to keep our backs healthy and (Add aims in).

Ergonomics

Explain here what ergonomics is.... specifically sitting

The lower back

A little introduction to the back - what we use/ how we use our backs every day - important to keep healthy....

Clinically relevant anatomy

The lumbar spine, where most back pains occur (REFERENCE), has 5 vertebrae (numbered L1-L5). In between each vertebra, there is an intervertebral disc. This is known as the intervertebral disc joint. There are also two (left and right) facet joints between each vertebra (REFERENCE).

The vertebra

There are several distinct features of the typical lumbar vertebra. These include:

• Large vertebral body
• Short and thick spinous process
• Relatively vertical facet joint
• A mammillary process on the posterior aspect of the superior articular process
• L5 has the largest body and transverse process of all vertebra.

Structural function

The main function of the lumbar spine if to bear the weight of the body. It absorbs the stress of lifting and carrying objects as well as general movement.

https://mayfieldclinic.com/pe-anatspine.htm

• The spine holds an increasing amount of weight as you move down into the lumbar region, for this reason, the lumbar vertebra has the larger bodies in the spine.
• Due to the relative size of the spinous process and body, the lumbar spine has the largest degree of extension.
• The lumbar spine allows flexion, extension, and lateral flexion but not rotation and this is due to the orientation of the facet joints
• The mammillary processes provide an attachment point for many lower back muscles.

The intervertebral Disc

Between each vertebra, there is an intervertebral disc. The intervertebral disc is made out of the nucleus pulposus and the annulus fibrosis

Low back pain

What is it how many people are affected by it? what causes it? does it have a link to ergonomics

evidence evidence evidence

Prehab and rehab

evidence evidence evidence