Shoulder

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Introduction

The Shoulder is made up of three bones: the clavicle, the scapula, and the humerus, the articulations of which make up the Shoulder Joints. The shoulder joint also known as the glenohumeral joint, is the major joint of the shoulder, but can more broadly include the acromioclavicular joint. In human anatomy, the shoulder joint comprises the part of the body where the humerus attaches to the scapula, the head sitting in the glenoid cavity.^[1] The shoulder is the group of structures in the region of the joint.^[2]The shoulder (glenohumeral joint) is a synovial ball and socket articulation in which the freedom of movement has been developed at the expense of stability. It demonstrates a unique functional balance between mobility and stability. Successful function depends on the interaction of the shoulder girdle articulations, cervical spine and thoracic spine. Imbalance of the static and dynamic components supporting these joints can result in microtrauma and pathology. To ensure effective management of shoulder pathologies, it is essential to consider the interaction of spinal, neuro-meningeal, musculotendinous, capsulo- ligamentous structures in the function of the shoulder complex.