Rhabdomyolysis: Difference between revisions
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== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
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Causes for rhabdomyolysis can be broken down into 2 categories, hereditary causes and acquired causes. | |||
'''Hereditary Causes<o:p></o:p>''' | |||
Those that are at risk for rhabdomyolysis have a family history of disorders dealing with carbohydrate metabolism as well as disorders of lipid metabolism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Disorders of lipid metabolism include malignant hyperthermia, mitochondrial disorders, as well as other genetic disorders. | |||
'''Acquired Causes<o:p></o:p>''' | |||
Some of the most common acquired causes include trauma or crush injury, toxic, sever muscle exertion, seizures, shaking chills, delerium tremors, ischemia or muscle necrosis, metabolic disorders, bacterial and viral infections, heat-induced (malignant hyperthermia, heat intolerance, heat stroke), inflammatory, certain drugs (overuse or overdose) such as cocaine, amphetamines, statins, heroin, PCP, as well as low phosphate levels. | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
Below is a chart that describes the risk factors for rhabdomyolysis as well as examples of the risk factors and associated signs and symptoms.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span> | |||
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<br> | |||
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{| class="MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none;mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; | |||
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|- style="mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes" | |||
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white;mso-background-themecolor:background1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
'''Risk Factors for Rhabdomyolysis<o:p></o:p>''' | |||
'''<o:p> </o:p>''' | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:1" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
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accent1;mso-background-themeshade:191;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
'''<span style="color:white">Risk Factors | |||
for Rhabdomyolysis<o:p></o:p></span>''' | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#365F91; | |||
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themeshade:191;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
'''<span style="color:white">Examples<o:p></o:p></span>''' | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
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accent1;mso-background-themeshade:191;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
'''<span style="color:white">Signs and | |||
Symptoms<o:p></o:p></span>''' | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:2" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
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accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
'''Trauma<o:p></o:p>''' | |||
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mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
Crush injury<o:p></o:p> | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
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accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
Profound muscle weakness<o:p></o:p> | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:3" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
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'''<o:p> </o:p>''' | |||
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mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
Electric Shock<o:p></o:p> | |||
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Pain<o:p></o:p> | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:4" | |||
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'''<o:p> </o:p>''' | |||
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mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
Severe Burns<o:p></o:p> | |||
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Swelling<o:p></o:p> | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:5" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
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'''<o:p> </o:p>''' | |||
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Extended Mobility<o:p></o:p> | |||
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Stiffness and Cramping<o:p></o:p> | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:6" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
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'''<o:p> </o:p>''' | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4; | |||
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<o:p> </o:p> | |||
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Associated Signs and Symptoms:<o:p></o:p> | |||
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'''<o:p> </o:p>''' | |||
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mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
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<span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: | |||
Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> | |||
</span></span></span>Reddish-brown urine (myoglobin)<o:p></o:p> | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:8" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
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'''<o:p> </o:p>''' | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4; | |||
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
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<span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: | |||
Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> | |||
</span></span></span>Decreased urine output<o:p></o:p> | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:9" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
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'''<o:p> </o:p>''' | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4; | |||
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
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<span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: | |||
Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> | |||
</span></span></span>Malaise<o:p></o:p> | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:10" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
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'''<o:p> </o:p>''' | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4; | |||
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
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<span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: | |||
Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> | |||
</span></span></span>Fever<o:p></o:p> | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:11" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
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'''<o:p> </o:p>''' | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4; | |||
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
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<span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: | |||
Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> | |||
</span></span></span>Sinus Tachycardia<o:p></o:p> | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:12" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
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'''<o:p> </o:p>''' | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4; | |||
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
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<span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: | |||
Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> | |||
</span></span></span>Nausea, vomiting<o:p></o:p> | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:13" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
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'''<o:p> </o:p>''' | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4; | |||
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
<span style="font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: | |||
Symbol"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> | |||
</span></span></span>Agitation, confusion<o:p></o:p> | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:14" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
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'''Extreme Muscular Activity<o:p></o:p>''' | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4; | |||
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
Strenuous exercise<o:p></o:p> | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:15" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
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'''<o:p> </o:p>''' | |||
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mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
Status Epilepticus<o:p></o:p> | |||
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<o:p> </o:p> | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:16" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
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'''<o:p> </o:p>''' | |||
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mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
Severe Dystonia<o:p></o:p> | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
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<o:p> </o:p> | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:17" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
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'''Toxic Effects<o:p></o:p>''' | |||
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mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
Ethanol<o:p></o:p> | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:18" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
'''<o:p> </o:p>''' | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4; | |||
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
Ethylene glycol<o:p></o:p> | |||
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accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:19" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
'''<o:p> </o:p>''' | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4; | |||
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
Isopropanol<o:p></o:p> | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:20" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
'''<o:p> </o:p>''' | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4; | |||
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
Methanol<o:p></o:p> | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:21" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
'''<o:p> </o:p>''' | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4; | |||
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
Heroin<o:p></o:p> | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:22" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
'''<o:p> </o:p>''' | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4; | |||
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
Barbiturates<o:p></o:p> | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:23" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
'''<o:p> </o:p>''' | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4; | |||
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
Methadone<o:p></o:p> | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:24" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
'''<o:p> </o:p>''' | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4; | |||
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
Cocaine<o:p></o:p> | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:25" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
'''<o:p> </o:p>''' | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4; | |||
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
Amphetamines<o:p></o:p> | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:26" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
'''<o:p> </o:p>''' | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4; | |||
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
Ectasy (street drug)<o:p></o:p> | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:27" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
'''<o:p> </o:p>''' | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4; | |||
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
Carbon monoxide<o:p></o:p> | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:28" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
'''<o:p> </o:p>''' | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4; | |||
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
Snake Venom<o:p></o:p> | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:29" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
'''<o:p> </o:p>''' | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4; | |||
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
Tetanus<o:p></o:p> | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:30" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
'''Metabolic Abnormalities<o:p></o:p>''' | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4; | |||
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
Hypothyroidism<o:p></o:p> | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:31" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
'''<o:p> </o:p>''' | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4; | |||
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
Hyperthyroidism<o:p></o:p> | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:32" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
'''<o:p> </o:p>''' | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4; | |||
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
Diabetic Ketoacidosis<o:p></o:p> | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:33" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
'''Medication-induced<o:p></o:p>''' | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4; | |||
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
Inadvertent intravenous (IV) infiltration (e.g., amphotericin B, azathioprine, cyclosporine)<o:p></o:p> | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
|- style="mso-yfti-irow:34;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes" | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border-top:none;border-left: | |||
solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: | |||
none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; | |||
background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint: | |||
102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: | |||
accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
Cholesterol-lowering statins (e.g., Zocor, Lipitor, Crestor)<o:p></o:p> | |||
| width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border-top:none;border-left: | |||
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; | |||
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; | |||
background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint: | |||
102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | | |||
<o:p> </o:p> | |||
|} | |||
<!--EndFragment--> | |||
<!--StartFragment--> <div class="O0" style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:.38in; | |||
text-indent:-.38in"><span><span style="mso-special-format:bullet">•</span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-font-family: | |||
+mn-ea;mso-bidi-font-family:+mn-cs;color:black;mso-color-index:13;language: | |||
en-US;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:baseline;mso-text-raise:0%">Preoperative</span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:.81in; | |||
text-indent:-.31in"><span><span style="mso-special-format:bullet">•</span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-font-family: | |||
+mn-ea;mso-bidi-font-family:+mn-cs;color:black;mso-color-index:13;language: | |||
en-US;vertical-align:baseline;mso-text-raise:0%">Male</span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:.81in; | |||
text-indent:-.31in"><span><span style="mso-special-format:bullet">•</span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-font-family: | |||
+mn-ea;mso-bidi-font-family:+mn-cs;color:black;mso-color-index:13;language: | |||
en-US;vertical-align:baseline;mso-text-raise:0%">Age > 10 years</span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:.81in; | |||
text-indent:-.31in"><span><span style="mso-special-format:bullet">•</span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-font-family: | |||
+mn-ea;mso-bidi-font-family:+mn-cs;color:black;mso-color-index:13;language: | |||
en-US;vertical-align:baseline;mso-text-raise:0%">BMI > 55 kg/m2</span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:.81in; | |||
text-indent:-.31in"><span><span style="mso-special-format:bullet">•</span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-font-family: | |||
+mn-ea;mso-bidi-font-family:+mn-cs;color:black;mso-color-index:13;language: | |||
en-US;vertical-align:baseline;mso-text-raise:0%">History of hypertension, | |||
diabetes mellitus, or peripheral vascular disease</span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:.81in; | |||
text-indent:-.31in"><span><span style="mso-special-format:bullet">•</span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-font-family: | |||
+mn-ea;mso-bidi-font-family:+mn-cs;color:black;mso-color-index:13;language: | |||
en-US;vertical-align:baseline;mso-text-raise:0%">History of statin use</span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:.81in; | |||
text-indent:-.31in"><span><span style="mso-special-format:bullet">•</span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-font-family: | |||
+mn-ea;mso-bidi-font-family:+mn-cs;color:black;mso-color-index:13;language: | |||
en-US;vertical-align:baseline;mso-text-raise:0%">elevated preoperative serum | |||
CPK level</span></div> <div class="O0" style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:.38in; | |||
text-indent:-.38in"><span><span style="mso-special-format:bullet">•</span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-font-family: | |||
+mn-ea;mso-bidi-font-family:+mn-cs;color:black;mso-color-index:13;language: | |||
en-US;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:baseline;mso-text-raise:0%">Intraoperative</span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:.81in; | |||
text-indent:-.31in"><span><span style="mso-special-format:bullet">•</span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-font-family: | |||
+mn-ea;mso-bidi-font-family:+mn-cs;color:black;mso-color-index:13;language: | |||
en-US;vertical-align:baseline;mso-text-raise:0%">Operation duration > 5hours</span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:.81in; | |||
text-indent:-.31in"><span><span style="mso-special-format:bullet">•</span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-font-family: | |||
+mn-ea;mso-bidi-font-family:+mn-cs;color:black;mso-color-index:13;language: | |||
en-US;vertical-align:baseline;mso-text-raise:0%">Anesthesia time > 6 hours</span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:.81in; | |||
text-indent:-.31in"><span><span style="mso-special-format:bullet">•</span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-font-family: | |||
+mn-ea;mso-bidi-font-family:+mn-cs;color:black;mso-color-index:13;language: | |||
en-US;vertical-align:baseline;mso-text-raise:0%">Inadequate hydration</span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:.81in; | |||
text-indent:-.31in"><span><span style="mso-special-format:bullet">•</span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-font-family: | |||
+mn-ea;mso-bidi-font-family:+mn-cs;color:black;mso-color-index:13;language: | |||
en-US;vertical-align:baseline;mso-text-raise:0%">Urine output < 1.5ml/kg/h</span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:.81in; | |||
text-indent:-.31in"><span><span style="mso-special-format:bullet">•</span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-font-family: | |||
+mn-ea;mso-bidi-font-family:+mn-cs;color:black;mso-color-index:13;language: | |||
en-US;vertical-align:baseline;mso-text-raise:0%">Bleeding and/or hypotension</span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:.81in; | |||
text-indent:-.31in"><span><span style="mso-special-format:bullet">•</span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-font-family: | |||
+mn-ea;mso-bidi-font-family:+mn-cs;color:black;mso-color-index:13;language: | |||
en-US;vertical-align:baseline;mso-text-raise:0%">Use of propofol and/or | |||
succinylcholine</span></div> <div class="O0" style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:.38in; | |||
text-indent:-.38in"><span><span style="mso-special-format:bullet">•</span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-font-family: | |||
+mn-ea;mso-bidi-font-family:+mn-cs;color:black;mso-color-index:13;language: | |||
en-US;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:baseline;mso-text-raise:0%">Postoperative</span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:.81in; | |||
text-indent:-.31in"><span><span style="mso-special-format:bullet">•</span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-font-family: | |||
+mn-ea;mso-bidi-font-family:+mn-cs;color:black;mso-color-index:13;language: | |||
en-US;vertical-align:baseline;mso-text-raise:0%">Complaints of muscle pain and | |||
weakness</span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:.81in; | |||
text-indent:-.31in"><span><span style="mso-special-format:bullet">•</span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-font-family: | |||
+mn-ea;mso-bidi-font-family:+mn-cs;color:black;mso-color-index:13;language: | |||
en-US;vertical-align:baseline;mso-text-raise:0%">Delayed ambulation</span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:.81in; | |||
text-indent:-.31in"><span><span style="mso-special-format:bullet">•</span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-font-family: | |||
+mn-ea;mso-bidi-font-family:+mn-cs;color:black;mso-color-index:13;language: | |||
en-US;vertical-align:baseline;mso-text-raise:0%">Urine otuput <1.5mL/kg/h</span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:.81in; | |||
text-indent:-.31in"><span><span style="mso-special-format:bullet">•</span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-font-family: | |||
+mn-ea;mso-bidi-font-family:+mn-cs;color:black;mso-color-index:13;language: | |||
en-US;vertical-align:baseline;mso-text-raise:0%">Serum CPK > 1,000IU/L</span></div> <div class="O1" style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:.81in; | |||
text-indent:-.31in"><span><span style="mso-special-format:bullet">•</span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria;mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;mso-fareast-font-family: | |||
+mn-ea;mso-bidi-font-family:+mn-cs;color:black;mso-color-index:13;language: | |||
en-US;vertical-align:baseline;mso-text-raise:0%">Urine myoglobin > 250m g/L</span></div> <!--EndFragment--> | |||
== Systemic Involvement == | == Systemic Involvement == | ||
Revision as of 02:27, 6 March 2010
Welcome to PT 635 Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems This is a wiki created by and for the students in the School of Physical Therapy at Bellarmine University in Louisville KY. Please do not edit unless you are involved in this project, but please come back in the near future to check out new information!!
Original Editors - Students from Bellarmine University's Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems project.
Lead Editors - Your name will be added here if you are a lead editor on this page. Read more.
Definition/Description[edit | edit source]
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Prevalence[edit | edit source]
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Characteristics/Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
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Associated Co-morbidities[edit | edit source]
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Medications[edit | edit source]
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Diagnostic Tests/Lab Tests/Lab Values[edit | edit source]
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Causes[edit | edit source]
Causes for rhabdomyolysis can be broken down into 2 categories, hereditary causes and acquired causes.
Hereditary Causes<o:p></o:p>
Those that are at risk for rhabdomyolysis have a family history of disorders dealing with carbohydrate metabolism as well as disorders of lipid metabolism. Disorders of lipid metabolism include malignant hyperthermia, mitochondrial disorders, as well as other genetic disorders.
Acquired Causes<o:p></o:p>
Some of the most common acquired causes include trauma or crush injury, toxic, sever muscle exertion, seizures, shaking chills, delerium tremors, ischemia or muscle necrosis, metabolic disorders, bacterial and viral infections, heat-induced (malignant hyperthermia, heat intolerance, heat stroke), inflammatory, certain drugs (overuse or overdose) such as cocaine, amphetamines, statins, heroin, PCP, as well as low phosphate levels.
<o:p> </o:p>
Below is a chart that describes the risk factors for rhabdomyolysis as well as examples of the risk factors and associated signs and symptoms.
width="443" colspan="3" valign="top" style="width:6.15in;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
border-bottom:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background: white;mso-background-themecolor:background1;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Risk Factors for Rhabdomyolysis<o:p></o:p> <o:p> </o:p> | ||
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#365F91;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themeshade:191;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Risk Factors for Rhabdomyolysis<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#365F91;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themeshade:191;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Examples<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#365F91;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themeshade:191;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Signs and Symptoms<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Trauma<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Crush injury<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Profound muscle weakness<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Electric Shock<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Pain<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Severe Burns<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Swelling<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Extended Mobility<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Stiffness and Cramping<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Associated Signs and Symptoms:<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | · Reddish-brown urine (myoglobin)<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | · Decreased urine output<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | · Malaise<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | · Fever<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | · Sinus Tachycardia<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | · Nausea, vomiting<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | · Agitation, confusion<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Extreme Muscular Activity<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Strenuous exercise<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Status Epilepticus<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Severe Dystonia<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Toxic Effects<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Ethanol<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Ethylene glycol<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Isopropanol<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Methanol<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Heroin<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Barbiturates<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Methadone<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Cocaine<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Amphetamines<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Ectasy (street drug)<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Carbon monoxide<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Snake Venom<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Tetanus<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Metabolic Abnormalities<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Hypothyroidism<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Hyperthyroidism<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Diabetic Ketoacidosis<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-left:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Medication-induced<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;background:#B8CCE4;
mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Inadvertent intravenous (IV) infiltration (e.g., amphotericin B, azathioprine, cyclosporine)<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> <o:p> </o:p> <o:p> </o:p> <o:p> </o:p> <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border-top:none;border-left:
solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right: none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint: 102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor: accent1;mso-background-themetint:102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | Cholesterol-lowering statins (e.g., Zocor, Lipitor, Crestor)<o:p></o:p> |
width="148" valign="top" style="width:2.05in;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-right-alt:solid windowtext .5pt; background:#B8CCE4;mso-background-themecolor:accent1;mso-background-themetint: 102;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" | <o:p> </o:p> |
•Preoperative
•Male
•Age > 10 years
•BMI > 55 kg/m2
•History of hypertension,
diabetes mellitus, or peripheral vascular disease
•History of statin use
•elevated preoperative serum
CPK level
•Intraoperative
•Operation duration > 5hours
•Anesthesia time > 6 hours
•Inadequate hydration
•Urine output < 1.5ml/kg/h
•Bleeding and/or hypotension
•Use of propofol and/or
succinylcholine
•Postoperative
•Complaints of muscle pain and
weakness
•Delayed ambulation
•Urine otuput <1.5mL/kg/h
•Serum CPK > 1,000IU/L
•Urine myoglobin > 250m g/L
Systemic Involvement[edit | edit source]
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Medical Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Physical Therapy Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Alternative/Holistic Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Differential Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
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Case Reports[edit | edit source]
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Resources
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Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
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