Quadrilateral Space Syndrome
Clinically Relevant Anatomy
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Quadrilateral space syndrome (QSS) refers to a rare condition in which neural and vascular structures are entrapped in the quadrilateral space. This space is created by the lateral head of the triceps, teres minor, teres major, and medial border of the humerus. Through this space passes the axillary nerve and the posterior circumflex humeral artery. Fibrous bands in this space are commonly though to be the cause of compression, although one study showed that 14 of 16 cadavers had fibrous bands present[1].
Mechanism of Injury / Pathological Process
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Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
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Diagnostic Procedures[edit | edit source]
Selective atrophy of the teres minor muscle can be identified by MRI, which is a positive indicator of the syndrome.[2] However, MRI studies have shows that teres minor atrophy is a common finding in rotator cuff pathology, prior surgical intervention, and traction injuries with glenohumeral instability. [3]
Outcome Measures[edit | edit source]
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Management / Interventions
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Differential Diagnosis
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- Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
- Cervical Radiculopathy
- Rotator Cuff Pathology
- Internal/Posterior Shoulder Impingement
- Glenohumeral Instability
- Suprascapular Nerve Injury
- Brachial Plexus Injury
Resources
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References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ McClelland D, Paxinos A. The anatomy of the quadrilateral space with reference to quadrilateral space syndrome [Internet]. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. Mosby; 2007 [cited 2021Nov16]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1058274607005009
- ↑ Linker CS, Roy EA, Eliahou R, Linda DD, Gaskin CM, Rutten MJCM, et al. Quadrilateral space syndrome: Findings at Mr Imaging. [Internet]. Radiology. 1993 [cited 2021Nov16]. Available from: https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/abs/10.1148/radiology.188.3.8351331
- ↑ Lindsay F. Quadrilateral space syndrome: a review. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2021Nov16]; Available from: http://bonefix.co.nz/portals/160/images/Flynn%20Quadrangular%20space%20syndrome.pdf
