Quadrilateral Space Syndrome: Difference between revisions
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== Clinically Relevant Anatomy<br> == | == Clinically Relevant Anatomy<br> == | ||
[[File:Quad space.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Anatomy of the Quadrilateral Space ]] | |||
Quadrilateral space syndrome (QSS) refers to a rare condition in which neural and vascular structures are entrapped in the quadrilateral space. This space is created by the lateral head of the triceps, teres minor, teres major, and medial border of the humerus. Through this space passes the axillary nerve and the posterior circumflex humeral artery. Fibrous bands in this space are commonly though to be the cause of compression, although one study showed that 14 of 16 cadavers had fibrous bands present<ref>McClelland D, Paxinos A. The anatomy of the quadrilateral space with reference to quadrilateral space syndrome [Internet]. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. Mosby; 2007 [cited 2021Nov16]. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1058274607005009</nowiki></ref>. | |||
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== Mechanism of Injury / Pathological Process<br> == | == Mechanism of Injury / Pathological Process<br> == | ||
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== Diagnostic Procedures == | == Diagnostic Procedures == | ||
Selective atrophy of the teres minor muscle can be identified by MRI, which is a positive indicator of the syndrome.<ref>Linker CS, Roy EA, Eliahou R, Linda DD, Gaskin CM, Rutten MJCM, et al. Quadrilateral space syndrome: Findings at Mr Imaging. [Internet]. Radiology. 1993 [cited 2021Nov16]. Available from: <nowiki>https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/abs/10.1148/radiology.188.3.8351331</nowiki></ref> However, MRI studies have shows that teres minor atrophy is a common finding in rotator cuff pathology, prior surgical intervention, and traction injuries with glenohumeral instability. <ref>Lindsay F. Quadrilateral space syndrome: a review. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2021Nov16]; Available from: <nowiki>http://bonefix.co.nz/portals/160/images/Flynn%20Quadrangular%20space%20syndrome.pdf</nowiki></ref> | |||
== Outcome Measures == | == Outcome Measures == | ||
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== Differential Diagnosis<br> == | == Differential Diagnosis<br> == | ||
* Thoracic Outlet Syndrome | |||
* Cervical Radiculopathy | |||
* Rotator Cuff Pathology | |||
* Internal/Posterior Shoulder Impingement | |||
* Glenohumeral Instability | |||
* Suprascapular Nerve Injury | |||
* Brachial Plexus Injury<br> | |||
== Resources <br> == | == Resources <br> == |
Revision as of 18:22, 17 November 2021
Clinically Relevant Anatomy
[edit | edit source]
Quadrilateral space syndrome (QSS) refers to a rare condition in which neural and vascular structures are entrapped in the quadrilateral space. This space is created by the lateral head of the triceps, teres minor, teres major, and medial border of the humerus. Through this space passes the axillary nerve and the posterior circumflex humeral artery. Fibrous bands in this space are commonly though to be the cause of compression, although one study showed that 14 of 16 cadavers had fibrous bands present[1].
Mechanism of Injury / Pathological Process
[edit | edit source]
add text here relating to the mechanism of injury and/or pathology of the condition
Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
add text here relating to the clinical presentation of the condition
Diagnostic Procedures[edit | edit source]
Selective atrophy of the teres minor muscle can be identified by MRI, which is a positive indicator of the syndrome.[2] However, MRI studies have shows that teres minor atrophy is a common finding in rotator cuff pathology, prior surgical intervention, and traction injuries with glenohumeral instability. [3]
Outcome Measures[edit | edit source]
add links to outcome measures here (see Outcome Measures Database)
Management / Interventions
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add text here relating to management approaches to the condition
Differential Diagnosis
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- Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
- Cervical Radiculopathy
- Rotator Cuff Pathology
- Internal/Posterior Shoulder Impingement
- Glenohumeral Instability
- Suprascapular Nerve Injury
- Brachial Plexus Injury
Resources
[edit | edit source]
add appropriate resources here
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ McClelland D, Paxinos A. The anatomy of the quadrilateral space with reference to quadrilateral space syndrome [Internet]. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. Mosby; 2007 [cited 2021Nov16]. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1058274607005009
- ↑ Linker CS, Roy EA, Eliahou R, Linda DD, Gaskin CM, Rutten MJCM, et al. Quadrilateral space syndrome: Findings at Mr Imaging. [Internet]. Radiology. 1993 [cited 2021Nov16]. Available from: https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/abs/10.1148/radiology.188.3.8351331
- ↑ Lindsay F. Quadrilateral space syndrome: a review. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2021Nov16]; Available from: http://bonefix.co.nz/portals/160/images/Flynn%20Quadrangular%20space%20syndrome.pdf