Physical Disability and Sexual Dysfunction among Stroke Survivors: Difference between revisions

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<div class="editorbox"> '''Original Editor '''- [[User:Olufemi Oyewole|Olufemi Oyewole]] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contributors/{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}</div>
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'''Original Editor '''- Olufemi Oyewole.  
'''Original Editor '''- Olufemi Oyewole.  

Revision as of 22:52, 12 June 2018

Original Editor - Olufemi Oyewole Top Contributors - Olufemi Oyewole, Kim Jackson, Temitope Olowoyeye and Matt Huey

Original Editor - Olufemi Oyewole.

Top Contributors - Olufemi Oyewole, Kim Jackson, Temitope Olowoyeye and Matt Huey  

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Stroke remains public health issue with attendance sequelae. Stroke is the one of major leading cause of disability[1] and this impact stroke survivor’s quality of life[2] including their sexual quality of life.

Definition[edit | edit source]

Physical Disability can be defined as impairment in body structures and functions, activities limitation and participation restrictions (ICF). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)

Sexual Dysfunction can be defined as low sexual functioning as a result of “decline in libido and coital frequency for both genders, decline in vaginal lubrication and orgasm in females and in erection and ejaculation in males”[3].

Physical Disability

Disability is commonly reported among stroke survivors[2][4][5]. A third of stroke survivors have moderate to severe disability and another third have mild disability[5]. About 95% of the stroke survivors had moderate/severe global disability[4]. This disability may lead to hamper community reintegration and participation restriction of community-dwelling stroke survivors[6]. Focusing on reducing disability during rehabilitation will not only improve quality of life and reduce burden of stroke but will as well enhance self-reliance and productivity[1].

Assessment of Physical Disability

There are many assessment tools in form of outcome measure to assess physical disability among stroke survivors. Some are regional, general and condition specific (see: Stroke Outcome Measures Overview).

Sexual Dysfunction

Sexuality is an important issue in post-stroke rehabilitation. Most stroke survivors reported low sexual functioning[7][8]. This dysfunction may be ‘‘a difficulty that occurs during the sexual response cycle that prevents the individual from experiencing satisfaction from sexual activity’’[9] or dysfunction characterized by pain following sexual intercourse[10].

Sexual dysfunctions among stroke survivors are multi-factorial in nature. The cause can be primary, secondary and tertiary in nature. The primary causes include: stroke directly affect sexual functioning e.g. “decline in libido and coital frequency for both genders, decline in vaginal lubrication and orgasm in females and in erection and ejaculation in males”[3]; and medical related sexual problems such as medication and premorbid medical conditions. Secondary causes include: sensorimotor problems which unable the stroke survivors to position themselves during sexual activity. Cognitive, behavioural and psychosocial adjustment issues formed the tertiary causes[3].

Assessment of Sexual Dysfunction There are numerous outcome measure tools to assess sexual dysfunction in stroke survivors. The list are not limited to these: International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Derogatis Interview for Sexual Functioning (DISF), Changes in Sexual Functioning Short-Form (CSFQ-14), Sexual Function Questionnaire (SFQ), Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX), Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women (SSS-W), Sexual Self-Perception and Adjustment Questionnaire (SSPAQ), etc[3][11].

Management[edit | edit source]

Management of physical disability

One of the goals of rehabilitation post stroke is to reduce disability to achieve maximum function and participation. There are several means of achieving this through physical therapy intervention. The role of physical activities cannot be over emphasised in improving function and reducing disability (Stroke: The Role of Physical Activity; Physical Activity in Individuals with Disabilities).

Management of sexual dysfunction[3]

• pharmacological interventions

• non-pharmacological interventions such as: mechanical devices (e.g. vacuum pumps, penile implants, penile prostheses and lubricating gels); psycho-educational interventions (e.g. counselling and psychotherapy); physical therapy (e.g physiotherapy for bed mobility)

• complementary medicine interventions

Resources[edit | edit source]

  • bulleted list
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  1. numbered list
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Reference[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Gbiri CA, Olawale OA, Isaac SO. Stroke Management: Informal caregivers’ burden and strain of caring for stroke survivors. Annals of Physical Rehabilitation Medicine 2015; 58: 98-103
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Oyewole O.O, Ogunlana M.O, Gbiri C.A.O, Oritogun K.S. Prevalence and impact of disability and sexual dysfunction on Health Related Quality of Life of Nigerian stroke survivors. Disability and Rehabilitation 2017; 39(20):2081-2086
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Ng L, Sansom J, Zhang NY, Khan F. Interventions for sexual dysfunction following stroke. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 7. Art. No.: CD011189. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD011189
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Oyewole OO, Ogunlana MO, Oritogun KS, Gbiri CA. Post-Stroke Disability and Its Predictors among Nigerian Stroke Survivors. Disability and Health Journal 2016; 9(4):616-623
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Skolarus LE, Burke JF. Towards an understanding of racial differences in post-stroke disability. Curr Epidemiol Rep 2015; 2:191–196
  6. ↑ Hamzat TK, Olaleye OA, Akinwumi OB. Functional ability, community reintegration and participation restriction among community dwelling female stroke survivors in Ibadan. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2014; 24:43-48
  7. ↑ Oyewole OO, Ogunlana MO, Gbiri CAO, Oritogun KS. Sexual Dysfunction in a Nigerian Stroke Cohort: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study. Sex Disabil. 2017; 35(3):341-351
  8. ↑ Seymour LM, Wolf TJ. Participation changes in sexual functioning after mild stroke. OTJR (Thorofare NJ) 2014; 34(2), 72–80
  9. ↑ Chen C-H, Lin Y-C, Chiu L-H, Chu Y-H, Ruan F-F, Liu W-M, Wang P-H. Female sexual dysfunction: definition, classification, and debates. Taiwan J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2013; 52, 3–7
  10. ↑ McCool ME, Theurich MA, Apfelbacher C. Prevalence and predictors of female sexual dysfunction: a protocol for a systematic review. Syst. Rev. 2014; 3, 75
  11. ↑ DeRogatis LR. Assessment of sexual function/dysfunction via patient reported outcomes. International Journal of Impotence Research 2008; 20, 35–44; doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3901591
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