Overview of Global Health: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
g''lobal health directly states that its goal is to promote health and prevent and treat diseases for all people in all countries across the globe.''<ref name=":0">Chen X, Li H, Lucero-Prisno DE, Abdullah AS, Huang J, Laurence C, Liang X, Ma Z, Mao Z, Ren R, Wu S. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7136700/ What is global health? Key concepts and clarification of misperceptions]. Global health research and policy. 2020 Dec;5(1):1-8.</ref>''Global health is concerned with protecting the entire global community, not just its poorest segments, against threats to health and with delivering essential and cost-effective public health and clinical services to the world’s population. A fundamental te''<ref name=":2">De Cock KM, Simone PM, Davison V, Slutsker L. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3739536/ The new global health]. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2013 Aug;19(8):1192.</ref> | g''lobal health directly states that its goal is to promote health and prevent and treat diseases for all people in all countries across the globe.''<ref name=":0">Chen X, Li H, Lucero-Prisno DE, Abdullah AS, Huang J, Laurence C, Liang X, Ma Z, Mao Z, Ren R, Wu S. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7136700/ What is global health? Key concepts and clarification of misperceptions]. Global health research and policy. 2020 Dec;5(1):1-8.</ref>''Global health is concerned with protecting the entire global community, not just its poorest segments, against threats to health and with delivering essential and cost-effective public health and clinical services to the world’s population. A fundamental te''<ref name=":2">De Cock KM, Simone PM, Davison V, Slutsker L. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3739536/ The new global health]. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2013 Aug;19(8):1192.</ref> | ||
Global health primarily centres around health and medical issues that transcend geographical, national and cultural boundaries by targeting populations in all countries. It aims to seek broad solutions including partnerships, frameworks, policies, regulations and laws that can be implemented through government and communities. <ref name=":0" />Global health focuses on issues that have a global impact with the goal of seeking a global solution. The ultimate goal is to promote health, improve health equity and reduce health disparities.<ref name=":0" /> | Global health primarily centres around health and medical issues that transcend geographical, national and cultural boundaries by targeting populations in all countries. It aims to seek broad solutions including partnerships, frameworks, policies, regulations and laws that can be implemented through government and communities. <ref name=":0" />Global health focuses on issues that have a global impact with the goal of seeking a global solution. The ultimate goal is to promote health, improve health equity and reduce health disparities.<ref name=":0" /> Public health is usually looking at the health of a specific country or community in a population. <ref name=":1">Beaglehole R, Bonita R. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2852240/ What is global health?.] Global Health Action. 2010;3.</ref> Global health focuses on the global population. Both public and global health try to address economic, social, environmental and political determinants of health one being national, the other globally.<ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":0" /> | ||
Along with rapid and unevenly paced globalization, economic growth, and technological development, more and more medical and health issues with global impact emerge. Typical examples include growing health disparities, migration-related medical and health issues, issues related to internet abuse, the spread of sedentary lifestyles and lack of physical activity, obesity, increasing rates of substance abuse, depression, suicide and many other emerging mental health issu<ref name=":0" /> | |||
Global solutions are also needed for many emerging health problems, including cardiovascular diseases, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, internet abuse, drug abuse, tobacco smoking, suicide, and other problems [29, 44]. As described earlier, global solutions are not often a medical intervention or a procedure for individual patients but frameworks, policies, strategies, laws and regulations. Using social media to deliver interventions represents a promising approach in establishment of global solutions, given its power to penetrate physical barriers and can reach a large body of audience quickly.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
== SDH == | |||
Reducing health inequalities is one of the most important challenges, and that is why addressing SDH has become all the more important. Addressing SDH in turn involves improving livelihood of people (i.e. by placing fairness at the heart of policies), leading to improvement in their SES, more so when it comes to improving health of the population and reducing exposure to diseases that pose a threat to health security of a large number of people. (Figs. 1 & 2).The social determinants of health (SDH) are the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age. At the macro-level, it involves policies, programmes and legislations; and other political actions taken by the government in addressing social factors influencing health. (WHO, <ref>Saraswathy SY. [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23779497.2021.1929387 Global Health Security: Addressing Social Determinants of Health through programmes and other initiatives]. Global Security: Health, Science and Policy. 2021 Jan 1;6(1):38-48.</ref> | |||
https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1 | |||
Global | == Current Global Health Concerns == | ||
.Approximately 2 billion persons worldwide do not have clean drinking water,https://www.who.int/news/item/18-06-2019-1-in-3-people-globally-do-not-have-access-to-safe-drinking-water-unicef-who | |||
More than 60% of preventable deaths worldwide are now attributable to [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases#:~:text=Key%20facts,74%25%20of%20all%20deaths%20globally. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases#:~:text=Key%20facts,74%25%20of%20all%20deaths%20globally.]noncommunicable diseases (cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases); in low-income and middle-income countries, 48% of such deaths occur in persons <70 years of age, compared with 26% in high-income countries (''38''). The incidence of these conditions is also increasing rapidly in Africa, a region in which urbanization and population growth are most extreme. urrent challenges facing the lowest-income countries, the needs of disenfranchised or displaced populations, societies threatened by conflict and humanitarian emergencies, and the urban and rural poor living conditions in the midst of plenty<ref name=":2" /> | |||
https://www.healthdata.org/news-events/insights-blog/acting-data/11-global-health-issues-watch-2023-according-ihme-experts | |||
https:// | == SDG == | ||
https://sdgs.un.org/goals | |||
== References == | == References == |
Revision as of 03:08, 30 July 2023
Definition[edit | edit source]
global health directly states that its goal is to promote health and prevent and treat diseases for all people in all countries across the globe.[1]Global health is concerned with protecting the entire global community, not just its poorest segments, against threats to health and with delivering essential and cost-effective public health and clinical services to the world’s population. A fundamental te[2]
Global health primarily centres around health and medical issues that transcend geographical, national and cultural boundaries by targeting populations in all countries. It aims to seek broad solutions including partnerships, frameworks, policies, regulations and laws that can be implemented through government and communities. [1]Global health focuses on issues that have a global impact with the goal of seeking a global solution. The ultimate goal is to promote health, improve health equity and reduce health disparities.[1] Public health is usually looking at the health of a specific country or community in a population. [3] Global health focuses on the global population. Both public and global health try to address economic, social, environmental and political determinants of health one being national, the other globally.[3] [1]
Along with rapid and unevenly paced globalization, economic growth, and technological development, more and more medical and health issues with global impact emerge. Typical examples include growing health disparities, migration-related medical and health issues, issues related to internet abuse, the spread of sedentary lifestyles and lack of physical activity, obesity, increasing rates of substance abuse, depression, suicide and many other emerging mental health issu[1]
Global solutions are also needed for many emerging health problems, including cardiovascular diseases, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, internet abuse, drug abuse, tobacco smoking, suicide, and other problems [29, 44]. As described earlier, global solutions are not often a medical intervention or a procedure for individual patients but frameworks, policies, strategies, laws and regulations. Using social media to deliver interventions represents a promising approach in establishment of global solutions, given its power to penetrate physical barriers and can reach a large body of audience quickly.[1]
SDH[edit | edit source]
Reducing health inequalities is one of the most important challenges, and that is why addressing SDH has become all the more important. Addressing SDH in turn involves improving livelihood of people (i.e. by placing fairness at the heart of policies), leading to improvement in their SES, more so when it comes to improving health of the population and reducing exposure to diseases that pose a threat to health security of a large number of people. (Figs. 1 & 2).The social determinants of health (SDH) are the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age. At the macro-level, it involves policies, programmes and legislations; and other political actions taken by the government in addressing social factors influencing health. (WHO, [4]
https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1
Current Global Health Concerns[edit | edit source]
.Approximately 2 billion persons worldwide do not have clean drinking water,https://www.who.int/news/item/18-06-2019-1-in-3-people-globally-do-not-have-access-to-safe-drinking-water-unicef-who
More than 60% of preventable deaths worldwide are now attributable to https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases#:~:text=Key%20facts,74%25%20of%20all%20deaths%20globally.noncommunicable diseases (cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases); in low-income and middle-income countries, 48% of such deaths occur in persons <70 years of age, compared with 26% in high-income countries (38). The incidence of these conditions is also increasing rapidly in Africa, a region in which urbanization and population growth are most extreme. urrent challenges facing the lowest-income countries, the needs of disenfranchised or displaced populations, societies threatened by conflict and humanitarian emergencies, and the urban and rural poor living conditions in the midst of plenty[2]
SDG[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Chen X, Li H, Lucero-Prisno DE, Abdullah AS, Huang J, Laurence C, Liang X, Ma Z, Mao Z, Ren R, Wu S. What is global health? Key concepts and clarification of misperceptions. Global health research and policy. 2020 Dec;5(1):1-8.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 De Cock KM, Simone PM, Davison V, Slutsker L. The new global health. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2013 Aug;19(8):1192.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Beaglehole R, Bonita R. What is global health?. Global Health Action. 2010;3.
- ↑ Saraswathy SY. Global Health Security: Addressing Social Determinants of Health through programmes and other initiatives. Global Security: Health, Science and Policy. 2021 Jan 1;6(1):38-48.