Osteoarthritis and Exercise
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Top Contributors - Nupur Smit Shah, Shaimaa Eldib and Lucinda hampton
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Osteoarthritis is a common form of arthritis and it leads to a major health economic burden. It commonly occurs in weight bearing joints such as hip and knee , with knee joint being more often involved.[1]It also involves the hand.
In osteoarthritis, initially there is molecular derangement (interrupted joint metabolism) followed by anatomical and physiological derangements such as cartilage degeneration, osteophyte formation, bone remodeling, joint inflammation and loss of normal function. Clinically the patients present with pain and stiffness in affected joint. Morning stiffness is also present.[2] The overall risk of this condition is more in obese population and even those who had previous joint injury. It has been proved that knee joint pain is reduced when obese patients undergo weight reduction.[1]
Therapeutic exercise is defined as bodily movement prescribed to correct impairment, improve the function of musculoskeletal system and maintain a state of well being. It is prescribed to the patients of osteoarthritis irrespective of age, comorbidity, severity of pain or disability.[3]Therapeutic exercises(type/ dose) are decided by the physical therapist based on the need of the patient.[3]The exercises are decided depending on age, weight, basic fitness level, severity of the disease and comorbidities. Optimal exercise prescription will lead to exercise adherence reduce the risk of symptom flare up and maximize the outcome.[3]
Exercises have beneficial effect on the patients of OA. It can improve in terms of muscle strength, mobility, coordination as well as help to relieve pain.[4]The patient can become improve their functional status by doing exercises on regular basis. Usually weight bearing and non weight bearing exercises are given. It helps in prevention too.
Aquatic Exercises and Osteoarthritis[edit | edit source]
The exercises which are performed in water are known as aquatic exercises or hydrotherapy. It has various advantages in comparison to land based exercises. Blood circulation is improved by constant water temperature and hydrostatic pressure, it reduces the tension of soft tissue contracture. It even helps in reducing muscle spasm and fatigue. Muscle strengthening is promoted as water resistance acts in opposite direction of the body motion, which needs greater muscle activity.[5]
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References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Funck‐Brentano T, Nethander M, Movérare‐Skrtic S, Richette P, Ohlsson C. Causal factors for knee, hip, and hand osteoarthritis: a Mendelian randomization study in the UK biobank. Arthritis & rheumatology. 2019 Oct;71(10):1634-41.
- ↑ Katz JN, Arant KR, Loeser RF. Diagnosis and treatment of hip and knee osteoarthritis: a review. Jama. 2021 Feb 9;325(6):568-78.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Burgess LC, Wainwright TW, James KA, von Heideken J, Iversen MD. The quality of intervention reporting in trials of therapeutic exercise for hip osteoarthritis: a secondary analysis of a systematic review. Trials. 2021 Dec;22(1):1-0.
- ↑ Mazor M, Best TM, Cesaro A, Lespessailles E, Toumi H. Osteoarthritis biomarker responses and cartilage adaptation to exercise: A review of animal and human models. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 2019 Aug;29(8):1072-82.
- ↑ Dong R, Wu Y, Xu S, Zhang L, Ying J, Jin H, Wang P, Xiao L, Tong P. Is aquatic exercise more effective than land-based exercise for knee osteoarthritis?. Medicine. 2018 Dec;97(52).
