Newborn Behavioural Observations System (NBO): Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
Much of the literature surrounding the theory of attachment and infant development agree that the relationship between caregiver and infant is an essential component in the development of confidence, self-regulation, adaption to stress and forming future positive relationships. | Much of the literature surrounding the theory of attachment and infant development agree that the relationship between caregiver and infant is an essential component in the development of confidence, self-regulation, adaption to stress and forming future positive relationships. Furthermore, research has highlighted the importance of an attuned caregiver in aiding the positive development of a child's brain and physiology in the first year of life. <ref name=":1">Bartram SC, Barlow J, Wolke D. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323766610_The_Neonatal_Behavioral_Assessment_Scale_NBAS_and_Newborn_Behavioral_Observations_NBO_system_for_supporting_caregivers_and_improving_outcomes_in_caregivers_and_their_infants The Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) and Newborn Behavioral Observations system (NBO) for supporting caregivers and improving outcomes in caregivers and their infants]. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015 Jun 21(6).</ref> | ||
Dr T Berry Brazelton first developed the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) in 1978 as a way of assessing 1. neurological functioning in the newborn and 2. their ability to actively participate in interactions. <ref name=":1" /> | Dr T Berry Brazelton first developed the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) in 1978 as a way of assessing 1. neurological functioning in the newborn and 2. their ability to actively participate in interactions. <ref name=":1" /> The '''Newborn Behavioral Observations''' (NBO) system is the shorter clinical variation of the NBAS and was first published in 2007. | ||
The | The NBO is a ''strengths-based'' and ''infant-led'' form of assessment, with the outcome being an individualised description of an infant's neurobehavioral capabilities. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" />It is currently used as an "interactive relationship-building tool to strengthen the relationship between infants and parents".<ref name=":2">Yago S, Takahashi Y, Tsukamoto E, Saito A, Saito E. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282354712_The_Newborn_Behavioral_Observations_NBO_System_as_a_Form_of_Intervention_and_Support_for_New_Parents Use of the Newborn Behavioral Observations System as an early intervention for infants and their parents: A scoping review.] Early Human Development. 2023 Jun 19:105811.</ref> | ||
== Objective == | == Objective == | ||
The objective of the NBO is to '''encourage parent education and active care-giving'''. It is a tool used to direct a caregiver's attention to an infant's behaviour and develop '''understanding''' of meaningful communication through an infant's behaviour. It allows for the '''development of handling and caregiving techniques''' that caregivers can use in the home environment | The objective of the NBO is to '''encourage parent education and active care-giving'''. It is a tool used to direct a caregiver's attention to an infant's behaviour and develop an '''understanding''' of meaningful communication through an infant's behaviour. It allows for the '''development of handling and caregiving techniques''' that caregivers can use in the home environment to respond to infant behavioral cues.<ref name=":0">Lean RE, Smyser CD, Rogers CE. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5458612/ Assessment: the newborn]. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics. 2017 Jul 1;26(3):427-40.</ref><ref name=":1" /> | ||
The NBO is also used within the research setting to:<ref name=":1" /> | The NBO is also used within the research setting to:<ref name=":1" /> | ||
| Line 28: | Line 26: | ||
== Intended Population == | == Intended Population == | ||
The NBO can be performed with healthy newborns (gestational age of 36 weeks) to 3 months "post-term". Preterm or medically fragile infants can also have the NBO administered, but need to be stable enough to be close to discharge or who are already at home, post-discharge. infants (newborns to 3 months of age) together with their caregivers.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> | The NBO can be performed with '''healthy newborns (gestational age of 36 weeks) to 3 months "post-term"'''. Preterm or medically fragile infants can also have the NBO administered, but need to be stable enough to be close to discharge or who are already at home, post-discharge. infants (newborns to 3 months of age) together with their caregivers.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> | ||
Both low-vulnerability and high-vulnerability families have been considered when designing the NBO system. In addition, caregiver's are not limited to mothers or fathers, but include all those who take on a care giving role of the infant.<ref name=":1" /><br> | Both low-vulnerability and high-vulnerability families have been considered when designing the NBO system. In addition, caregiver's are not limited to mothers or fathers, but include all those who take on a care giving role of the infant.<ref name=":1" /><br> | ||
| Line 40: | Line 38: | ||
The duration of the assessment is usually 20-30 minutes. <ref name=":0" /> | The duration of the assessment is usually 20-30 minutes. <ref name=":0" /> | ||
The NBO can be administered once, however, it | === Frequency of administration === | ||
The NBO can be administered once, however, depending on the goals set for intervention and needs of the family, it can be administered weekly, fortnightly or monthly. Being able to perform more than one administration allows for a more holistic picture of the infant and their development. It also allows caregivers and clinicians to discuss appropriate reciprocations to the baby's responses for such things as feeding and sleeping.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> | |||
== Content == | |||
The NBO consists of '''18 neurobehavioral observations.''' | |||
# Habituation to light. | |||
# Habituation to sound. | |||
# Muscle tone in legs and arms. | |||
# Rooting. | |||
# Sucking. | |||
# Hand grasp. | |||
# Shoulder and neck tone. | |||
# Crawling response. | |||
# Visual tracking. | |||
# Visual response to face. | |||
# visual response to face and voice. | |||
# Orientation to sound. | |||
# Orientation to voice. | |||
# Crying. | |||
# Soothability. | |||
# State regulation. | |||
# Response to stress. | |||
# Activity level. | |||
== Reference<br> == | == Reference<br> == | ||
| Line 56: | Line 77: | ||
== Links == | == Links == | ||
The [https://www.newbornbehaviorinternational.org/ Newborn Behavioral International] site has links to research dealing with the NBO. | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
Revision as of 21:53, 15 November 2023
Original Editor - User Name
This article or area is currently under construction and may only be partially complete. Please come back soon to see the finished work! (15/11/2023)
Top Contributors - Lauren Heydenrych
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Much of the literature surrounding the theory of attachment and infant development agree that the relationship between caregiver and infant is an essential component in the development of confidence, self-regulation, adaption to stress and forming future positive relationships. Furthermore, research has highlighted the importance of an attuned caregiver in aiding the positive development of a child's brain and physiology in the first year of life. [1]
Dr T Berry Brazelton first developed the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) in 1978 as a way of assessing 1. neurological functioning in the newborn and 2. their ability to actively participate in interactions. [1] The Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) system is the shorter clinical variation of the NBAS and was first published in 2007.
The NBO is a strengths-based and infant-led form of assessment, with the outcome being an individualised description of an infant's neurobehavioral capabilities. [2] [1]It is currently used as an "interactive relationship-building tool to strengthen the relationship between infants and parents".[3]
Objective[edit | edit source]
The objective of the NBO is to encourage parent education and active care-giving. It is a tool used to direct a caregiver's attention to an infant's behaviour and develop an understanding of meaningful communication through an infant's behaviour. It allows for the development of handling and caregiving techniques that caregivers can use in the home environment to respond to infant behavioral cues.[2][1]
The NBO is also used within the research setting to:[1]
- Explore the associations between observed infant behaviours and other variables
- Establish the effectiveness of the tool in influencing infant and caregiver outcomes.
Intended Population[edit | edit source]
The NBO can be performed with healthy newborns (gestational age of 36 weeks) to 3 months "post-term". Preterm or medically fragile infants can also have the NBO administered, but need to be stable enough to be close to discharge or who are already at home, post-discharge. infants (newborns to 3 months of age) together with their caregivers.[2][1]
Both low-vulnerability and high-vulnerability families have been considered when designing the NBO system. In addition, caregiver's are not limited to mothers or fathers, but include all those who take on a care giving role of the infant.[1]
Administration[edit | edit source]
Environment/Setting[edit | edit source]
The NBO is a flexible tool that can be used in the clinical setting, at home, at the hospital or even a children's centre.[1]
Duration of assessment[edit | edit source]
The duration of the assessment is usually 20-30 minutes. [2]
Frequency of administration[edit | edit source]
The NBO can be administered once, however, depending on the goals set for intervention and needs of the family, it can be administered weekly, fortnightly or monthly. Being able to perform more than one administration allows for a more holistic picture of the infant and their development. It also allows caregivers and clinicians to discuss appropriate reciprocations to the baby's responses for such things as feeding and sleeping.[1][3]
Content[edit | edit source]
The NBO consists of 18 neurobehavioral observations.
- Habituation to light.
- Habituation to sound.
- Muscle tone in legs and arms.
- Rooting.
- Sucking.
- Hand grasp.
- Shoulder and neck tone.
- Crawling response.
- Visual tracking.
- Visual response to face.
- visual response to face and voice.
- Orientation to sound.
- Orientation to voice.
- Crying.
- Soothability.
- State regulation.
- Response to stress.
- Activity level.
Reference
[edit | edit source]
Evidence[edit | edit source]
In a Cochrane review evaluating the effectiveness of both the NBAS and NBO, it was concluded that current studies (1981-2015) were of low-quality evidence.[1]
Reliability[edit | edit source]
Validity[edit | edit source]
Responsiveness[edit | edit source]
Miscellaneous
[edit | edit source]
Links[edit | edit source]
The Newborn Behavioral International site has links to research dealing with the NBO.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Bartram SC, Barlow J, Wolke D. The Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) and Newborn Behavioral Observations system (NBO) for supporting caregivers and improving outcomes in caregivers and their infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015 Jun 21(6).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Lean RE, Smyser CD, Rogers CE. Assessment: the newborn. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics. 2017 Jul 1;26(3):427-40.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Yago S, Takahashi Y, Tsukamoto E, Saito A, Saito E. Use of the Newborn Behavioral Observations System as an early intervention for infants and their parents: A scoping review. Early Human Development. 2023 Jun 19:105811.
