Multiple Body System Analysis Across the Lifespan

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Introduction[edit | edit source]

Musculoskeletal System[edit | edit source]

Child/Adolescent Adult Geriatric
Muscle strength
  • Maximal volitional muscular force, contractile velocity and muscular power are lower than adults.
  • Children recover faster than adults from high-intensity, short-term exercise.[1]
  • A 1-minute sit-to-stand (1MSTST) test to quantify exercise capacity measures how many times per minute an individual can stand up and sit on a chair standardised for height.). In ages 5-16, the median number of repetitions is 51-65 [2]
  • The Stair Climbing Tests (SCTs) reflect coordination ability.[3] The literature describes it in many ways. In one protocol, participants stood with both feet on the lower plateau of the device and were asked to climb the four stairs as quickly as possible without running and then stand still on the upper plateau. Use of the handrail was allowed if necessary. The step-down manoeuvre was performed accordingly.
 1MMSTST: ranges from 8.1(patient with stroke), 24 (advanced lung disease)[3] to 50 (healthy male adult)[4]
  • 1MMSTST in healthy older men and women aged 75-79 years ranges between 22-37 [5]
  • Difficulty in climbing stairs has also been reported as a marker of functional decline that can lead to loss of independence
Flexibility
Range of motion
Pain not always able to indicate the localization of pain
Bone Mineral Density
Core Stability

Muscle strength[edit | edit source]

Functional assessment: sit to stand, stairs

Flexibility and Range of Motion[edit | edit source]

spinal and chest wall mobility

which muscles might be over-lengthened and thus be passively insufficient

Pain[edit | edit source]

Bone Mineral Density[edit | edit source]

Neurological System[edit | edit source]

Integumentary System[edit | edit source]

Gastrointestinal System[edit | edit source]

Cardiopulmonary System[edit | edit source]

Mental Health System[edit | edit source]

Resources[edit | edit source]

  • bulleted list
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or

  1. numbered list
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References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Falk B, Dotan R. Child-adult differences in the recovery from high-intensity exercise. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2006 Jul;34(3):107-12.
  2. ↑ Haile SR, Fühner T, Granacher U, Stocker J, Radtke T, Kriemler S. Reference values and validation of the 1-minute sit-to-stand test in healthy 5-16-year-old youth: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2021 May 7;11(5):e049143.
  3. ↑ Watson K, Winship P, Cavalheri V, Vicary C, Stray S, Bear N, Hill K. In adults with advanced lung disease, the 1-minute sit-to-stand test underestimates exertional desaturation compared with the 6-minute walk test: an observational study. J Physiother. 2023 Apr;69(2):108-113.
  4. ↑ Bohannon RW, Crouch R. 1-Minute Sit-to-Stand Test: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF PROCEDURES, PERFORMANCE, AND CLINIMETRIC PROPERTIES. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2019 Jan;39(1):2-8.
  5. ↑ Strassmann A, Steurer-Stey C, Lana KD, Zoller M, Turk AJ, Suter P, Puhan MA. Population-based reference values for the 1-min sit-to-stand test. Int J Public Health. 2013 Dec;58(6):949-53.
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