Multiple Body System Analysis Across the Lifespan: Difference between revisions
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== Musculoskeletal System == | == Musculoskeletal System == | ||
The assessment of the functional capacity of the musculoskeletal system should be completed within the context of school, play, work, daily activities, and sport. Due to differences in the levels of reliability and validity for the functional tests, a combination of a questionnaire and a functional test appear to be the best instrument to assess functional capacity of the musculoskeletal system.<ref name=":1">Wind H, Gouttebarge V, Kuijer PP, Frings-Dresen MH. Assessment of functional capacity of the musculoskeletal system in the context of work, daily living, and sport: a systematic review. J Occup Rehabil. 2005 Jun;15(2):253-72. </ref> The following questionnairs are recommended:<ref name=":1" /> | |||
* the Oswestry Disability Index | |||
* the Pain Disability Index | |||
* the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire | |||
* the Upper Extremity Functional Scale | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ | |+'''Functional Tests for Musculoskeletal System Assessment''' | ||
! | ! | ||
!Child/Adolescent | !Child/Adolescent | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|Muscle strength | |Muscle strength | ||
(Functional assessment to include sit to stand and stairs) | |||
| | | | ||
* Maximal volitional muscular force, contractile velocity and muscular power are lower than adults. | * Maximal volitional muscular force, contractile velocity and muscular power are lower than adults. | ||
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* A 1-minute sit-to-stand (1MSTST) test to quantify exercise capacity measures how many times per minute an individual can stand up and sit on a chair standardised for height.). In ages 5-16, the median number of repetitions is 51-65 <ref>Haile SR, Fühner T, Granacher U, Stocker J, Radtke T, Kriemler S. [https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/11/5/e049143.full.pdf Reference values and validation of the 1-minute sit-to-stand test in healthy 5-16-year-old youth: a cross-sectional study.] BMJ Open. 2021 May 7;11(5):e049143. </ref> | * A 1-minute sit-to-stand (1MSTST) test to quantify exercise capacity measures how many times per minute an individual can stand up and sit on a chair standardised for height.). In ages 5-16, the median number of repetitions is 51-65 <ref>Haile SR, Fühner T, Granacher U, Stocker J, Radtke T, Kriemler S. [https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/11/5/e049143.full.pdf Reference values and validation of the 1-minute sit-to-stand test in healthy 5-16-year-old youth: a cross-sectional study.] BMJ Open. 2021 May 7;11(5):e049143. </ref> | ||
* The Stair Climbing Tests (SCTs) reflect coordination ability.<ref name=":0">Schorling DC, Rawer R, Kuhlmann I, Müller C, Pechmann A, Kirschner J. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9976186/pdf/JMNI-23-004.pdf Mechanographic analysis of the timed 4 stair climb test - methodology and reference data of healthy children and adolescents]. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2023 Mar 1;23(1):4-25.</ref> The literature describes it in many ways. In one protocol, participants stood with both feet on the lower plateau of the device. The step-down manoeuvre | * The Stair Climbing Tests (SCTs) reflect coordination ability.<ref name=":0">Schorling DC, Rawer R, Kuhlmann I, Müller C, Pechmann A, Kirschner J. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9976186/pdf/JMNI-23-004.pdf Mechanographic analysis of the timed 4 stair climb test - methodology and reference data of healthy children and adolescents]. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2023 Mar 1;23(1):4-25.</ref> The literature describes it in many ways. In one protocol, participants stood with both feet on the lower plateau of the device. The step-down manoeuvre is performed accordingly. The instructions included the following:<ref name=":0" /> | ||
-Climb the four stairs as quickly as possible without running | -Climb the four stairs as quickly as possible without running | ||
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* 1MMSTST in healthy older men and women aged 75-79 years ranges between 22-37 <ref>Strassmann A, Steurer-Stey C, Lana KD, Zoller M, Turk AJ, Suter P, Puhan MA. Population-based reference values for the 1-min sit-to-stand test. Int J Public Health. 2013 Dec;58(6):949-53. </ref> | * 1MMSTST in healthy older men and women aged 75-79 years ranges between 22-37 <ref>Strassmann A, Steurer-Stey C, Lana KD, Zoller M, Turk AJ, Suter P, Puhan MA. Population-based reference values for the 1-min sit-to-stand test. Int J Public Health. 2013 Dec;58(6):949-53. </ref> | ||
* Difficulty in climbing stairs has | * Difficulty in climbing stairs has been reported as a marker of functional decline that can lead to loss of independence | ||
* Older adults often report difficulty with stair climbing, and it is reported as one of the top five most difficult tasks to perform. <ref>Gagliano-Jucá T, Li Z, Pencina KM, Traustadóttir T, Travison TG, Woodhouse L, Basaria S, Tsitouras PD, Harman SM, Bhasin S, Storer TW. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7984416/pdf/gerona_75_6_1167.pdf The Stair Climb Power Test as an Efficacy Outcome in Randomized Trials of Function Promoting Therapies in Older Men.] J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2020 May 22;75(6):1167-1175. </ref> | * Older adults often report difficulty with stair climbing, and it is reported as one of the top five most difficult tasks to perform. <ref>Gagliano-Jucá T, Li Z, Pencina KM, Traustadóttir T, Travison TG, Woodhouse L, Basaria S, Tsitouras PD, Harman SM, Bhasin S, Storer TW. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7984416/pdf/gerona_75_6_1167.pdf The Stair Climb Power Test as an Efficacy Outcome in Randomized Trials of Function Promoting Therapies in Older Men.] J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2020 May 22;75(6):1167-1175. </ref> | ||
* Ability to climb stairs can help to assess hip and knee strength and stability <ref>Kapoor E. Multiple Body System Analysis Across the Lifespan. Plus course 2024</ref> | |||
* "The use of stair-climbing speed as an assessment tool should include both stair ascent and descent, because differences in these speeds seem to be indicators of stair-climbing ability".<ref>Brodowski H, Andres N, Gumny M, Eicher C, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Tannen A, Kiselev J.[[/www.magonlinelibrary.com/doi/abs/10.12968/ijtr.2020.0137|Reliability of stair-climbing speed in two cohorts of older adults.]]International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2021; 28(11):1-15. </ref> | |||
|- | |- | ||
|Flexibility/Range of motion | |Flexibility/Range of motion | ||
| | (spinal and chest wall mobility) | ||
| | |'''Chest wall mobility:'''Age 3 through adulthood: | ||
| | Chest wall mobility measurement for '''tidal volume excursion''': <ref name=":2">Massery, M. "If You Can't Breathe, You Can't Function" continuing education class 20 hrs. date (or at least year)? location? [[/www.masserypt.com/|www.MasseryPT.com]] </ref> | ||
* 3rd rib site: approximately 2/8th | |||
* Xyphoid site: approximately 3/8th | |||
* 1/2 distance site: 4/8thPediatric: | |||
3rd rib site: approximately 1/8th | |||
Xyphoid site: approximately 2/8th | |||
1/2 distance site: 3/8th | |||
Chest wall measurement for '''vital capacity''':<ref name=":2" /> | |||
* From 1-1/2" to 4" | |||
* Become larger as the measurement moves lower on the chest wall | |||
* variable due to chest size | |||
'''Spinal mobility:''' | |||
* Assessing over-lengthened vs tight muscle | |||
* Lumbar spine mobility is greater in children than in adults | |||
* Caution must be applied during visual estimation of spine position as intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of visual assessment is poor<ref name=":3">Kondratek M, Krauss J, Stiller C, Olson R. [https://journals.lww.com/pedpt/fulltext/2007/01930/normative_values_for_active_lumbar_range_of_motion.9.aspx Normative values for active lumbar range of motion in children.] Pediatr Phys Ther. 2007 Fall;19(3):236-44.</ref> | |||
* Muscle weakness, abnormal positioning, and abnormal movement patterns may lead to abnormal spinal mobility. <ref name=":3" /> | |||
|'''Chest wall mobility:''' | |||
* Chest wall mobility measurement for '''tidal volume excursion''' same as for children | |||
* Chest wall measurement for '''vital capacity''' same as for children | |||
|'''Chest wall mobility:''' | |||
* Chest wall mobility measurement for '''tidal volume excursion''' same as for children | |||
* Chest wall measurement for '''vital capacity''' same as for children | |||
|- | |- | ||
|Pain | |Pain |
Revision as of 18:26, 22 March 2024
Original Editor - User Name
Top Contributors - Ewa Jaraczewska, Jess Bell and Kim Jackson
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Musculoskeletal System[edit | edit source]
The assessment of the functional capacity of the musculoskeletal system should be completed within the context of school, play, work, daily activities, and sport. Due to differences in the levels of reliability and validity for the functional tests, a combination of a questionnaire and a functional test appear to be the best instrument to assess functional capacity of the musculoskeletal system.[1] The following questionnairs are recommended:[1]
- the Oswestry Disability Index
- the Pain Disability Index
- the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire
- the Upper Extremity Functional Scale
Child/Adolescent | Adult | Geriatric | |
---|---|---|---|
Muscle strength
(Functional assessment to include sit to stand and stairs) |
-Climb the four stairs as quickly as possible without running -Stand still on the upper plateau -Use the handrail if necessary. |
1MMSTST: ranges from 8.1(patient with stroke), 24 (advanced lung disease)[5] to 50 (healthy male adult)[6] |
|
Flexibility/Range of motion
(spinal and chest wall mobility) |
Chest wall mobility:Age 3 through adulthood:
Chest wall mobility measurement for tidal volume excursion: [11]
3rd rib site: approximately 1/8th Xyphoid site: approximately 2/8th 1/2 distance site: 3/8th Chest wall measurement for vital capacity:[11]
Spinal mobility:
|
Chest wall mobility:
|
Chest wall mobility:
|
Pain | not always able to indicate the localization of pain | ||
Bone Mineral Density | |||
Core Stability |
Muscle strength[edit | edit source]
Functional assessment: sit to stand, stairs
Flexibility and Range of Motion[edit | edit source]
spinal and chest wall mobility
which muscles might be over-lengthened and thus be passively insufficient
Pain[edit | edit source]
Bone Mineral Density[edit | edit source]
Neurological System[edit | edit source]
Integumentary System[edit | edit source]
Adequate skin and other connective tissue mobility is needed for free movement of the underlying structures to provide postural support and assure proper ventilation. If fascial restrictions are present, they may cause multiple impairments.
Gastrointestinal System[edit | edit source]
Cardiopulmonary System[edit | edit source]
Mental Health System[edit | edit source]
Resources[edit | edit source]
- bulleted list
- x
or
- numbered list
- x
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Wind H, Gouttebarge V, Kuijer PP, Frings-Dresen MH. Assessment of functional capacity of the musculoskeletal system in the context of work, daily living, and sport: a systematic review. J Occup Rehabil. 2005 Jun;15(2):253-72.
- ↑ Falk B, Dotan R. Child-adult differences in the recovery from high-intensity exercise. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2006 Jul;34(3):107-12.
- ↑ Haile SR, Fühner T, Granacher U, Stocker J, Radtke T, Kriemler S. Reference values and validation of the 1-minute sit-to-stand test in healthy 5-16-year-old youth: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2021 May 7;11(5):e049143.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Schorling DC, Rawer R, Kuhlmann I, Müller C, Pechmann A, Kirschner J. Mechanographic analysis of the timed 4 stair climb test - methodology and reference data of healthy children and adolescents. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2023 Mar 1;23(1):4-25.
- ↑ Watson K, Winship P, Cavalheri V, Vicary C, Stray S, Bear N, Hill K. In adults with advanced lung disease, the 1-minute sit-to-stand test underestimates exertional desaturation compared with the 6-minute walk test: an observational study. J Physiother. 2023 Apr;69(2):108-113.
- ↑ Bohannon RW, Crouch R. 1-Minute Sit-to-Stand Test: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF PROCEDURES, PERFORMANCE, AND CLINIMETRIC PROPERTIES. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2019 Jan;39(1):2-8.
- ↑ Strassmann A, Steurer-Stey C, Lana KD, Zoller M, Turk AJ, Suter P, Puhan MA. Population-based reference values for the 1-min sit-to-stand test. Int J Public Health. 2013 Dec;58(6):949-53.
- ↑ Gagliano-Jucá T, Li Z, Pencina KM, Traustadóttir T, Travison TG, Woodhouse L, Basaria S, Tsitouras PD, Harman SM, Bhasin S, Storer TW. The Stair Climb Power Test as an Efficacy Outcome in Randomized Trials of Function Promoting Therapies in Older Men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2020 May 22;75(6):1167-1175.
- ↑ Kapoor E. Multiple Body System Analysis Across the Lifespan. Plus course 2024
- ↑ Brodowski H, Andres N, Gumny M, Eicher C, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Tannen A, Kiselev J.Reliability of stair-climbing speed in two cohorts of older adults.International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2021; 28(11):1-15.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Massery, M. "If You Can't Breathe, You Can't Function" continuing education class 20 hrs. date (or at least year)? location? www.MasseryPT.com
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Kondratek M, Krauss J, Stiller C, Olson R. Normative values for active lumbar range of motion in children. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2007 Fall;19(3):236-44.