Mandible
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Mandible is the largest and strongest bone of the human skull. It is commonly known as the lower jaw and is located inferior to the maxilla. It is composed of a horseshoe-shaped body which lodges the teeth, and a pair of rami which projects upwards to form a temporomandibular joint.[1][2]
Structure[edit | edit source]
Mandible is formed by a body and a pair of rami.
Body[edit | edit source]
Body is the anterior portion of the mandible. Body has two surfaces: outer and inner and two borders: upper and lower border. [2]The body ends and the rami begin on either side at the angle of the mandible, also known as the gonial angle. [1]
- Outer surface is also known as external surface and has following characteristics:
- Mandibular symphysis/ Symphysis menti at midline which joins left and right half of the bone, detected as a subtle ridge in the adult.
- The inferior portion of the ridge divides and encloses a midline depression called the mental protuberance, also known as chin. The edges of the mental protuberance are elevated, forming the mental tubercle.
- Laterally to the ridge and below the incisive teeth is a depression known as the incisive fossa.
- Below the second premolar is the mental foramen, in which the mental nerve and vessels exit.
- The oblique line courses posteriorly from the mental tubercle to the anterior border of the ramus.
- Inner surface is also known as internal surface and has following features:
- The mylohyoid line is a prominent ridge that runs obliquely downwards and forwards from below the third molar tooth to the median area below the genial tubercles.
- below the mylohyoid line, the surface is slightly hollowed out to form the sub-mandibu lar
- Upper border (Alveolar border)
- Lower border (Inferior border)
Ossification[edit | edit source]
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Clinical Relevance[edit | edit source]
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Differential Diagnosis
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Resources
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References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Breeland G, Aktar A, Patel BC. Anatomy, head and neck, mandible. StatPearls [Internet]. 2021 Jun 18.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 BD_Chaurasia’s_Human_Anatomy, Volume 3 - Head-Neck and Brain 6th Edition. Page number:32-36
- ↑ MANDIBLE - GENERAL FEATURES & ATTACHMENTS. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jp55Ohh1kDY lasted accessed: 2022-02-08