Kaposi Sarcoma
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a soft tissue tumor that affects immunocompromised people including organ transplant recipients and people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDs).[1][2]
Moritz Kaposi, an Austro-Hungarian dermatologist, first published "Idiopathisches multiples Pigmentsarkom der Haut" in 1872. He reported several cases of a multifocal pigmented sarcoma of the skin in elderly European men, all of whom died within a span of two years.[2][3]
Mechanism of Injury / Pathological Process[edit | edit source]
Human herpesvirus/Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (HHV-8) was discovered as a causative agent of Kaposi sarcoma as the AIDS epidemic progressed in the 1980s.[1] HHV-8 interferes with many normal cell functions and requires cofactors like cytokines or specific proteins to result in the development of Kaposi sarcoma.[4]
Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
There are four forms of KS:[1]
- Classic KS- presents in individuals without HIV infection in older men, typically occurring in elderly men of Mediterranean and Eastern European descent on the lower extremities.
- Endemic KS is found in sub-Saharan Africa and has generalized lymph node involvement in children.
- HIV-related KS - commonly occurring with patients not taking highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Manifestations include diffuse involvement of the skin and internal organs
- Iatrogenic KS - seen in patients treated with immunosuppressive therapy, especially organ transplant recipients. This subtype presents with diffuse involvement of the skin and internal organs.
Diagnostic Procedures Histological Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Biopsy[5]
HHV-8 Diagnostic Tools[edit | edit source]
Serology
PCR
Outcome Measures[edit | edit source]
add links to outcome measures here (see Outcome Measures Database)
Management / Interventions
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Differential Diagnosis
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Resources
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References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Bishop BN, Lynch DT. Kaposi sarcoma. InStatPearls [Internet] 2022 Jun 11. StatPearls Publishing.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Cesarman E, Damania B, Krown SE, Martin J, Bower M, Whitby D. Kaposi sarcoma. Nature reviews Disease primers. 2019 Jan 31;5(1):9.
- ↑ Kaposi. Idiopathisches multiples pigmentsarkom der haut. Archiv für Dermatologie und Syphilis. 1872 Jun;4:265-73.
- ↑ Mariggiò G, Koch S, Schulz TF. Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus pathogenesis. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2017 Oct 19;372(1732):20160275.
- ↑ Lebbe C, Garbe C, Stratigos AJ, Harwood C, Peris K, Del Marmol V, Malvehy J, Zalaudek I, Hoeller C, Dummer R, Forsea AM. Diagnosis and treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma: European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline (EDF/EADO/EORTC). European Journal of Cancer. 2019 Jun 1;114:117-27.
