India: Difference between revisions
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India, a South Asian country, is a federation with a parliamentary system governed under the Constitution of India. | India, a South Asian country, is a federation with a parliamentary system governed under the Constitution of India. | ||
Physiotherapy in India is considered under Allied and Health Professionals, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. | Physiotherapy in India is considered under Allied and Health Professionals, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare<ref name=":0">Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Allied Health Section. Model Curriculum for Physiotherapy. 2017.https://main.mohfw.gov.in/sites/default/files/Model%20Curriculum%20Handbook_PT_11%20September%202017%20%28Final%29.pdf</ref>. | ||
== Patient Access to Physiotherapy or Physical Therapy Services / Entry Point == | == Patient Access to Physiotherapy or Physical Therapy Services / Entry Point == | ||
There are several different ways that healthcare is delivered in India. It can be public, private, or a mixture of the two. | |||
===== Public: ===== | |||
There are different schemes and policies which offer a cover for Physiotherapy under them. | |||
* | |||
===== Private: ===== | |||
In India , if a health insurance policy offers cover for Out Patient Department (OPD) or day care procedures, then physiotherapy is covered under it , even if it is not linked to a surgery. | |||
===== Therapist Contact: ===== | |||
* A physiotherapist can act as a first contact practitioner. A patient can have direct access to physiotherapy. Direct access means a person can refer themselves to a physiotherapist without a referral from another health professional. However, in India, PT is majorly a secondary contact profession<ref>Shimpi A, Writer H, Shyam A, Dabadghav R . Role of Physiotherapy in India – Role of Physiotherapy in India – A Cross-sectional Survey to Study the Awareness and Perspective among Referring Doctorss. Journal Medical Thesis 2014 May-Aug ; 2(2):11-15</ref>. | |||
* This is a lack of awareness regarding health education and physiotherapy profession in India<ref>Doshi D, Jiandani M,Gadgil R, Shetty N. Physiotherapy Awareness in Medical and Non-Medical Population: A Social Media Survey. Int J Physiother Res 2017;5(2):1971-1975. DOI: 10.16965/ijpr.2017.119</ref>. However, the condition is improving in recent years. | |||
== Therapist Preparation == | == Therapist Preparation == | ||
| Line 42: | Line 50: | ||
All courses include a mandatory supervised practice component in a clinical setting. | All courses include a mandatory supervised practice component in a clinical setting. | ||
The learning goals and objectives of the undergraduate and graduate education program have been based on the performance expectations and are divided into nine key areas so that the curriculum is standardised in the country: | The learning goals and objectives of the undergraduate and graduate education program have been based on the performance expectations and are divided into nine key areas so that the curriculum is standardised in the country<ref name=":0" />: | ||
# Clinical care | # Clinical care | ||
# Communication | # Communication | ||
| Line 54: | Line 62: | ||
== Professional Associations == | == Professional Associations == | ||
Physiotherapists are licensed by the physiotherapy council in respective states where Independent physiotherapy council is there, which maintains a rigorous code of ethics and high standards of continuing competency. | |||
The Indian Association of Physiotherapy is an apex body representing the interests of Indian physiotherapists and their patients. It was a member of WCPT from 1962 and has been re-inducted in the WCPT in 2020. Read more about it [https://www.physiotherapyindia.org/ here]. | |||
== Information about the Patient Community == | == Information about the Patient Community == | ||
Physiotherapists in India treat a broad range of conditions that affect the musculoskeletal, circulatory, respiratory and nervous systems. | |||
India still lacks a streamlined referral system as compared to the Western world<ref>Pattanshetty R, Metgud DC. Awareness of physiotherapy among other health professionals in India: Current scenario. Indian J Phys Ther Res 2019;1:69-70</ref>. | |||
== Social/Cultural Influences == | == Social/Cultural Influences == | ||
India is well-known for its cultural, traditional and ethnical diversity. Mostly the Indian population believes in traditional forms of treatments and home based remedies with rich ancestral values. However, slowly the scenario appears to be changing. | |||
== Delivery of Care == | == Delivery of Care == | ||
* Physiotherapy care can be accessed in India in a private or public setting. There are out-patient departments, private clinics, in-hospital PT services set up to provide services to the general public. | |||
* | * There are physical therapists' associated with sports associations and committees to provide on-field and off-field care. | ||
* | * Physiotherapy can also be provided with home healthcare services. | ||
* Professional companies have started employing a physical therapist to avail their services for their employees and their families.<br><br><br> | |||
* | |||
* | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
Revision as of 11:29, 31 March 2021
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
India, a South Asian country, is a federation with a parliamentary system governed under the Constitution of India.
Physiotherapy in India is considered under Allied and Health Professionals, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare[1].
Patient Access to Physiotherapy or Physical Therapy Services / Entry Point[edit | edit source]
There are several different ways that healthcare is delivered in India. It can be public, private, or a mixture of the two.
Public:[edit | edit source]
There are different schemes and policies which offer a cover for Physiotherapy under them.
Private:[edit | edit source]
In India , if a health insurance policy offers cover for Out Patient Department (OPD) or day care procedures, then physiotherapy is covered under it , even if it is not linked to a surgery.
Therapist Contact:[edit | edit source]
- A physiotherapist can act as a first contact practitioner. A patient can have direct access to physiotherapy. Direct access means a person can refer themselves to a physiotherapist without a referral from another health professional. However, in India, PT is majorly a secondary contact profession[2].
- This is a lack of awareness regarding health education and physiotherapy profession in India[3]. However, the condition is improving in recent years.
Therapist Preparation[edit | edit source]
Degree/Credentialing:[edit | edit source]
In India, there is just one programme after the completion of the 10+2 examinations with physics, chemistry and biology as included subjects. Entry to the Physiotherapy programme is through National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) which is scheduled once a year pan-India.
An individual has to grauduate with a Bachelor in Physiotherapy (BPTh) to be considered a physiotherapist in India.
The B.P.T (Bachelor in Physiotherapy) is a full-time course of 4 years + 6 month internship offered across the country in a number of private and government medical colleges.
Following their BPTh/BPT, those who wish to specialize in a particular field can opt to pursue their Masters' (MPT) which is a full-time- 2 year course (Thesis oriented). They have to clear a Common Entrance Test (CET) to be start the Masters' programme. The CET is conducted state-wise or University wise in case of private universities.
Specialization:[edit | edit source]
They can specialize in:
- Pediatrics Physiotherapy
- Women's Health and Obstetrics Physiotherapy
- Sports Physiotherapy
- Neurological Physiotherapy
- Orthopedic/ Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy
- Geriatrics Physiotherapy
- Cardiovascular Physiotherapy
- Community Physiotherapy
They also may choose to pursue the Ph.D in Physiotherapy.
All courses include a mandatory supervised practice component in a clinical setting.
The learning goals and objectives of the undergraduate and graduate education program have been based on the performance expectations and are divided into nine key areas so that the curriculum is standardised in the country[1]:
- Clinical care
- Communication
- Membership of a multidisciplinary health team
- Ethics and accountability at all levels (clinical, professional, personal and social)
- Commitment to professional excellence
- Leadership and mentorship
- Social accountability and responsibility
- Scientific attitude and scholarship (only at higher level- PhD)
- lifelong learning
Professional Associations[edit | edit source]
Physiotherapists are licensed by the physiotherapy council in respective states where Independent physiotherapy council is there, which maintains a rigorous code of ethics and high standards of continuing competency.
The Indian Association of Physiotherapy is an apex body representing the interests of Indian physiotherapists and their patients. It was a member of WCPT from 1962 and has been re-inducted in the WCPT in 2020. Read more about it here.
Information about the Patient Community[edit | edit source]
Physiotherapists in India treat a broad range of conditions that affect the musculoskeletal, circulatory, respiratory and nervous systems.
India still lacks a streamlined referral system as compared to the Western world[4].
Social/Cultural Influences[edit | edit source]
India is well-known for its cultural, traditional and ethnical diversity. Mostly the Indian population believes in traditional forms of treatments and home based remedies with rich ancestral values. However, slowly the scenario appears to be changing.
Delivery of Care[edit | edit source]
- Physiotherapy care can be accessed in India in a private or public setting. There are out-patient departments, private clinics, in-hospital PT services set up to provide services to the general public.
- There are physical therapists' associated with sports associations and committees to provide on-field and off-field care.
- Physiotherapy can also be provided with home healthcare services.
- Professional companies have started employing a physical therapist to avail their services for their employees and their families.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Allied Health Section. Model Curriculum for Physiotherapy. 2017.https://main.mohfw.gov.in/sites/default/files/Model%20Curriculum%20Handbook_PT_11%20September%202017%20%28Final%29.pdf
- ↑ Shimpi A, Writer H, Shyam A, Dabadghav R . Role of Physiotherapy in India – Role of Physiotherapy in India – A Cross-sectional Survey to Study the Awareness and Perspective among Referring Doctorss. Journal Medical Thesis 2014 May-Aug ; 2(2):11-15
- ↑ Doshi D, Jiandani M,Gadgil R, Shetty N. Physiotherapy Awareness in Medical and Non-Medical Population: A Social Media Survey. Int J Physiother Res 2017;5(2):1971-1975. DOI: 10.16965/ijpr.2017.119
- ↑ Pattanshetty R, Metgud DC. Awareness of physiotherapy among other health professionals in India: Current scenario. Indian J Phys Ther Res 2019;1:69-70
