Hypoglossal Nerve: Difference between revisions

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== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==
It is the 12 cranial nerves that originate from the medulla obligate of the brain stem.
It is the 12th cranial nerves that originate from the medulla obligate of the brain stem. It is mainly an efferent nerve for the tongue musculature.
 


== innervation ==
== innervation ==
it gives only somatic motor innervation for all extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue except the palatoglossus, innervated by the vagus nerve.
It gives only somatic motor innervation for all extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue except the palatoglossus, innervated by the vagus nerve.


== examination ==
== examination ==
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1/ UMNL: unilateral: deviation of the tongue to the opposite side of the lesion.  
1/ UMNL: unilateral: deviation of the tongue to the opposite side of the lesion.  
bilateral: inability to protrude the tongue.
bilateral: inability to protrude the tongue.
note in both cases there is no wasting or fasciculation  
note in both cases there is no wasting or fasciculation.
 
2/LMNL: unilateral:  deviation of the tongue to the side of the lesion.
2/LMNL: unilateral:  deviation of the tongue to the side of the lesion.
  bilateral:  inability to protrude the tongue.
  bilateral:  inability to protrude the tongue.

Revision as of 17:05, 3 February 2021

Introduction[edit | edit source]

It is the 12th cranial nerves that originate from the medulla obligate of the brain stem. It is mainly an efferent nerve for the tongue musculature.

innervation[edit | edit source]

It gives only somatic motor innervation for all extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue except the palatoglossus, innervated by the vagus nerve.

examination[edit | edit source]

Examining the hypoglossal nerve involves observation of the primary innervation target of the nerve; the tongue. The three observable aspects of the tongue are strength, bulk, and dexterity. Special attention is given when the tongue is weak, atrophied, moving abnormally, or impaired.

<ref>phtsiotutors. Cranial Nerve 12 | Hypoglossal Nerve Assessment for Physiotherapists.available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6X8vMYTSHs

lesion[edit | edit source]

1/ UMNL: unilateral: deviation of the tongue to the opposite side of the lesion. bilateral: inability to protrude the tongue. note in both cases there is no wasting or fasciculation.

2/LMNL: unilateral: deviation of the tongue to the side of the lesion.

bilateral:  inability to protrude the tongue.

note in both cases there is wasting and fasciculation.

References[edit | edit source]