Hand-held Dynamometry
Purpose[edit | edit source]
Handheld Dynamometry (HHD) is a method utilized to assess muscle strength. Although other dynamometers were utilized to assess grip strength, this version of a dynamometer is set up or held by the therapist to derive an objective measurement of force.
Procedure[edit | edit source]
Unlike traditional manual muscle testing as a "break test," the preferred method for HHD is to utilize a "make test" format. This assessment requires the subject to exert a maximum isometric force while the dynamometer is held stationary. [1]
An example procedure is as follows (however, there is some variety in procedures performed; it is important to clearly document the procedure and positioning utilized to ensure consistency and reproducibility):
- The examiner keeps the dynamometer stable
- The patient/client/subject produces maximal force against the instrument while the examiner matches this force
- Verbal commands provided include "push as hard as possible," and "push, push, push, push"
- Each trial is performed over a 3-4 second hold, with 2-3 trials being performed
- The average and individual trial numbers should both be reported
- Common units: pounds (lbs), Newtons (N), or kilogram-force (kgf)
- Can be expressed as a percentage of the unaffected extremity (e.g., R knee extension 90% of L knee extension)
Benefits[edit | edit source]
- Decreased subjective interpretation (compared to manual muscle testing grades beyond a 3/5)
- Reliable, objective testing of muscle strength
- Not gravity-dependent in its interpretation
- Minimizes the tester's contribution to error (make test principle)
Drawbacks[edit | edit source]
- No present universal, standardized positions
- Questionable inter-tester reliability
- Error if subject strength greater than tester (concentric contraction)
- Important for tester to ensure good body mechanics for maximum efficiency
Evidence[edit | edit source]
Provide the evidence for this technique here
Documentation[edit | edit source]
To ensure reproducibility of results and elicit standardization in protocol
Resources[edit | edit source]
add any relevant resources here
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Bohannon RW. Make tests and break tests of elbow flexor muscle strength. Phys Ther. 1988 Feb;68(2):193-4.
