Gilbert's Syndrome
Original Editors - Students from Bellarmine University's Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems project.
Top Contributors - J.Dylan James, Elaine Lonnemann, WikiSysop, Kim Jackson and 127.0.0.1
Definition/Description[edit | edit source]
Gilbert’s syndrome is a benign liver condition that is characterized by elevated levels of bilirubin in the bloodCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive titleCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title. Bilirubin is produced by the breakdown of red blood cells and is able to be removed from the body after the liver converts it from unconjugated bilirubin to conjugated bilirubinCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive titleCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive titleCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title. In individuals with Gilbert’s syndrome, there is a buildup of unconjugated bilirubin in the liver as a result of a genetic mutation of the enzyme UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A isoform 1 (UGT1A1), which is important in bilirubin metabolismCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive titleCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title. The buildup of bilirubin is particularly evident after starvation, exertion, infection, consumption of alcohol, or dehydrationCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title. Bilirubin levels fluctuate and rarely increase to levels that cause jaundiceCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title.
Prevalence[edit | edit source]
Estimated to affect 3 to 7% of individuals of all racesCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive titleCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title.
More common among males (2:1) compared to females (7:1)Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive titleCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title.
Characteristics/Clinical Presentation[edit | edit source]
Symptoms of Gilbert’s syndrome may include mild jaundice of the skin and eyes and is more commonly seen when the body is under stress Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title. 30% of individuals will never have any signs or symptomsCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title. In the study published by Radoi et alCite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name cannot be a simple integer. Use a descriptive title, 74% of the participants presented with recurrent asymptomatic jaundice, 66% nausea, 65% asthenia, 52% vague abdominal distention, and 8% were asymptomatic.
Associated Co-morbidities[edit | edit source]
There are no associated co-morbidities for individuals with Gilbert’s syndrome.
Medications[edit | edit source]
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Diagnostic Tests/Lab Tests/Lab Values[edit | edit source]
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Etiology/Causes[edit | edit source]
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Systemic Involvement[edit | edit source]
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Medical Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Physical Therapy Management (current best evidence)[edit | edit source]
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Differential Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
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Case Reports/ Case Studies[edit | edit source]
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Resources
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Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
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1. Genetics Home Reference. Gilbert syndrome [Internet]. Genetics Home Reference. 2017 [cited 5 April 2017]. Available from: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/gilbert-syndrome
2. Sertoğlu E, Tapan S, Doğru T, Acar R, Doğan T, Ince S, et al. Gilbert’s syndrome: protective effect on endothelial dysfunction. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry. 2016Dec;41(6):451-8.
3. Gilbert Syndrome - NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders) [Internet]. NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders). 2017 [cited 2017 April 5]. Available from: https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/gilbert-syndrome/
4.Radoi VE, Ursu RI, Poenaru E, Arsene C, Bohiltea CL, Bohiltea R. Frequency of the UGT1A1*28 polymorphism in a Romanian cohort of Gilbert syndrome individuals. Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. 2017Mar;26(1):25–8.
5. Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD. Gilbert Syndrome: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment & Alcohol [Internet]. MedicineNet. 2017 [cited 5 April 2017]. Available from: http://www.medicinenet.com/gilbert_syndrome/article.htm
6. Dr Ananya Mandal M. Gilbert’s Syndrome Treatment [Internet]. News-Medical.net. 2017 [updated 2014 January 8; cited 2017 April 5]. Available from: http://www.news-medical.net/health/Gilberte28099s-Syndrome-Treatment.aspx
7. Gilbert disease: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [Internet]. Medlineplus.gov. 2017 [updated 2017 March 9; cited 2017 April 5]. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000301.htm
8. Mayo Clinic Staff. Gilbert's syndrome - Mayo Clinic [Internet]. Mayo Clinic. 2017 [cited 5 April 2017]. Available from: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gilberts-syndrome/basics/definition/con-20024904
