Effects of Ageing on Bone: Difference between revisions
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== | == Aging<br> == | ||
= | Aging refers to the physiological changes that occur in the human body from the attainment of adulthood, and ending in death. These changes involve a decline of biological functions, and are accompanied by psychological, behavioural, and other changes. Some of these changes are quite obvious, while others are subtle.<ref name="brit">http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1354293/human-aging</ref> <br> | ||
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== | == The Aging Bone<br> == | ||
Bones undergo a lifelong process of remodeling – mature bone tissue is removed and new bone tissue is formed. Bone remodeling is a highly regulated process that maintains a balance between bone resorption and formation, thus maintaining skeletal integrity.<ref name="remodel">Hadjidakis DJ, Androulakis II. Bone Remodeling. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Dec;1092:385-96.</ref><br> | |||
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This balance changes with increasing age, resulting in loss of bone tissue. The aging bone has reduced mineral content, and is prone to osteoporosis – a condition in which bones are less dense, more fragile, and prone to fractures.<ref name="aaos">http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00191</ref> | |||
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== Effects of Changes in Aging Bone<ref>http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/004015.htm</ref> == | |||
= | *Osteoporosis is a common problem among older people, especially post-menopausal women, and is a major cause of hip fractures in the elderly. | ||
*<span style="line-height: 1.5em;">Reduced bone density of the vertebrae, combined with the loss of fluid in intervertebral discs, result in a curved and shortened trunk.</span> | |||
*This reduced bone density, and resulting poor posture, leads to pain, reduced mobility, and other musculoskeletal problems. | |||
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== | == Prevention<ref>http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000360.htm</ref> == | ||
Exercise is important for preserving bone density, however care must be taken to avoid high-impact exercises and exercises that present the risk of falling. Useful exercises include: | |||
*Weight-bearing exercises e.g. walking | |||
*Strengthening exercises using free weights, elastic bands | |||
*Balance exercises e.g. tai chi | |||
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A healthy diet, including adequate dosage of Vitamin D and Calcium, is also useful for preserving bone mass.<br> | |||
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== Recent Related Research (from [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ Pubmed]) == | == Recent Related Research (from [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ Pubmed]) == | ||
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== References == | == References<br> == | ||
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Revision as of 01:18, 26 June 2014
Original Editor - Your name will be added here if you created the original content for this page.
Lead Editors
Aging
[edit | edit source]
Aging refers to the physiological changes that occur in the human body from the attainment of adulthood, and ending in death. These changes involve a decline of biological functions, and are accompanied by psychological, behavioural, and other changes. Some of these changes are quite obvious, while others are subtle.[1]
The Aging Bone
[edit | edit source]
Bones undergo a lifelong process of remodeling – mature bone tissue is removed and new bone tissue is formed. Bone remodeling is a highly regulated process that maintains a balance between bone resorption and formation, thus maintaining skeletal integrity.[2]
This balance changes with increasing age, resulting in loss of bone tissue. The aging bone has reduced mineral content, and is prone to osteoporosis – a condition in which bones are less dense, more fragile, and prone to fractures.[3]
Effects of Changes in Aging Bone[4][edit | edit source]
- Osteoporosis is a common problem among older people, especially post-menopausal women, and is a major cause of hip fractures in the elderly.
- Reduced bone density of the vertebrae, combined with the loss of fluid in intervertebral discs, result in a curved and shortened trunk.
- This reduced bone density, and resulting poor posture, leads to pain, reduced mobility, and other musculoskeletal problems.
Prevention[5][edit | edit source]
Exercise is important for preserving bone density, however care must be taken to avoid high-impact exercises and exercises that present the risk of falling. Useful exercises include:
- Weight-bearing exercises e.g. walking
- Strengthening exercises using free weights, elastic bands
- Balance exercises e.g. tai chi
A healthy diet, including adequate dosage of Vitamin D and Calcium, is also useful for preserving bone mass.
Recent Related Research (from Pubmed)[edit | edit source]
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References
[edit | edit source]
- ↑ http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1354293/human-aging
- ↑ Hadjidakis DJ, Androulakis II. Bone Remodeling. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Dec;1092:385-96.
- ↑ http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00191
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/004015.htm
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000360.htm
