Eating Disorders
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
Eating disorders are an important cause of physical and psychosocial morbidity in adolescent girls and young adult women. They are much less frequent in men.
Eating disorders are classified according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(fourth edition, text revision) and include (a) AN, (b) BN, (c) eating disorder not otherwise specified, and (d)pica (5). However, an individual may have an eating disorder or body image issues and not fulfill strict diagnostic criteria. As a result, diagnosis may be delayed or not achieved at all. Although each eating disorder is defined according to a number of diagnostic criteria, there is considerable overlap and patients may not fit neatly into one category [1]
The cause of eating disorders is complex and badly understood. There is a genetic predisposition, and certain specific environmental risk factors have been implicated. Research into treatment has focused on bulimia nervosa, and evidence-based management of this disorder is possible. A specific form of cognitive behaviour therapy is the most effective treatment, although few patients seem to receive it in practice.[2]
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Definitions and Classification[edit | edit source]
Eating disorders are classified according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(fourth edition, text revision) and include (a) AN, (b) BN, (c) eating disorder not otherwise specified, and (d)pica. However, an individual may have an eating disorder or body image issues and not fulfill strict diagnostic criteria. As a result, diagnosis may be delayed or not achieved at all. Although each eating disorder is defined according to a number of diagnostic criteria, there is considerable overlap and patients may not fit neatly into one category
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The prognosis for persons with eating disorders is variable. The long-term prognosis is better with Bulimia nervosa when compared to anorexia nervosa. The binge eating and purging behaviors, duration of more than six years, lower body mass index, low motivation, unstable personality, concurrent depression, higher body image concerns, and dysfunctional relationships are consistently associated with poor treatment outcomes in all eating disorders.
A major challenge in treatment outcomes among individuals with eating disorders is a delay in seeking health care due to low levels of health literacy, stigma, poor affordability, and poor psychotherapy access. Recovery from bulimia nervosa occurs earlier than anorexia nervosa. The majority of individuals with bulimia nervosa recover within 9 to 10 years, but only 50% of individuals with Anorexia nervosa recover within 9-10 years. The mortality rate in Anorexia nervosa is higher than other types of eating disorders and is the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorders.[3]
Resources[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ RadiographicsRadiology of Eating Disorders: A Pictorial Review Available: https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/10.1148/rg.334125160 (accessed 10.8.2021)
- ↑ Fairburn CG, Harrison PJ. Eating disorders. Lancet. 2003 Feb 1;361(9355):407-16. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12378-1. PMID: 12573387.Available:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12573387/ (accessed 10.8.2021)
- ↑ Balasundaram P, Santhanam P. Eating Disorders. [Updated 2021 Jun 29]. In StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK567717/#!po=92.8571 (accessed 10.8.2021)
