Drooling In Parkinsons Disease: Difference between revisions
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
Drooling in [[Parkinson's|Parkinson’s disease]] (PD) is an many times disregarded however it is an important non-motor symptom that impacts the patient's [[Quality of Life|quality of life]], <ref name=":0">van Wamelen DJ, Leta V, Johnson J, Ocampo CL, Podlewska AM, Rukavina K, Rizos A, Martinez-Martin P, Chaudhuri KR. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7669801/ Drooling in Parkinson’s disease: prevalence and progression from the non-motor international longitudinal study.] Dysphagia. 2020 Dec;35:955-61 .Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7669801/ (accessed 9.11.2023)</ref> having negative physical and psychosocial consequences for patients.<ref>Srivanitchapoom P, Pandey S, Hallett M. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4252747/ Drooling in Parkinson's disease: a review.] Parkinsonism & related disorders. 2014 Nov 1;20(11):1109-18.Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4252747/ (accessed 9.11.2023)</ref> In relatively advanced patients with PD, drooling occurs in over 30% of patients, with [[dysphagia]] occurring with greater frequency in these patients<ref name=":0" />. The precise pathophysiological mechanism of drooling in PD is not clear, however excessive drooling is shown to be associated with higher burdens of non-motor symptoms and greater motor fluctuations of motor symptoms and [[bradykinesia]]<ref>Polychronis S, Nasios G, Dardiotis E, Messinis L, Pagano G. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8951596/ Pathophysiology and Symptomatology of Drooling in Parkinson’s Disease.] InHealthcare 2022 Mar 11 (Vol. 10, No. 3, p. 516). MDPI.Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8951596/ (accessed 9.11.2023)</ref>. | Drooling in [[Parkinson's|Parkinson’s disease]] (PD) is an many times disregarded however it is an important non-motor symptom that impacts the patient's [[Quality of Life|quality of life]], <ref name=":0">van Wamelen DJ, Leta V, Johnson J, Ocampo CL, Podlewska AM, Rukavina K, Rizos A, Martinez-Martin P, Chaudhuri KR. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7669801/ Drooling in Parkinson’s disease: prevalence and progression from the non-motor international longitudinal study.] Dysphagia. 2020 Dec;35:955-61 .Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7669801/ (accessed 9.11.2023)</ref> having negative physical and psychosocial consequences for patients.<ref name=":1">Srivanitchapoom P, Pandey S, Hallett M. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4252747/ Drooling in Parkinson's disease: a review.] Parkinsonism & related disorders. 2014 Nov 1;20(11):1109-18.Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4252747/ (accessed 9.11.2023)</ref> In relatively advanced patients with PD, drooling occurs in over 30% of patients, with [[dysphagia]] occurring with greater frequency in these patients<ref name=":0" />. The precise pathophysiological mechanism of drooling in PD is not clear, however excessive drooling is shown to be associated with higher burdens of non-motor symptoms and greater motor fluctuations of motor symptoms and [[bradykinesia]]<ref>Polychronis S, Nasios G, Dardiotis E, Messinis L, Pagano G. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8951596/ Pathophysiology and Symptomatology of Drooling in Parkinson’s Disease.] InHealthcare 2022 Mar 11 (Vol. 10, No. 3, p. 516). MDPI.Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8951596/ (accessed 9.11.2023)</ref>. | ||
== | == Negative Effects == | ||
Drooling in patients may: cause saliva to spill from their oral cavity: may be aspirated causing aspiration pneumonia; may cause poor oral hygiene and, significantly, social embarrassment.<ref name=":1" /> | |||
== Sub Heading 3 == | == Sub Heading 3 == | ||
The first approach begins by removing medications that aggravate drooling eg. cholinesterase inhibitors, clozapine or quetiapine. Specific treatment options for drooling in PD are both pharmacological and nonpharmacological. | |||
Treatments are mainly directed at reducing salivary secretion. The groups of medications include anticholinergics, adrenergic receptor antagonists, and botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT). | |||
Local injection with BoNT into major salivary glands is the most effective therapeutic option at present. Developing more precise therapeutic choices would help to enhance patients’ quality of life.<ref name=":1" /> | |||
== Resources == | == Resources == | ||
Revision as of 08:20, 9 November 2023
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Introduction[edit | edit source]
Drooling in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an many times disregarded however it is an important non-motor symptom that impacts the patient's quality of life, [1] having negative physical and psychosocial consequences for patients.[2] In relatively advanced patients with PD, drooling occurs in over 30% of patients, with dysphagia occurring with greater frequency in these patients[1]. The precise pathophysiological mechanism of drooling in PD is not clear, however excessive drooling is shown to be associated with higher burdens of non-motor symptoms and greater motor fluctuations of motor symptoms and bradykinesia[3].
Negative Effects[edit | edit source]
Drooling in patients may: cause saliva to spill from their oral cavity: may be aspirated causing aspiration pneumonia; may cause poor oral hygiene and, significantly, social embarrassment.[2]
Sub Heading 3[edit | edit source]
The first approach begins by removing medications that aggravate drooling eg. cholinesterase inhibitors, clozapine or quetiapine. Specific treatment options for drooling in PD are both pharmacological and nonpharmacological.
Treatments are mainly directed at reducing salivary secretion. The groups of medications include anticholinergics, adrenergic receptor antagonists, and botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT).
Local injection with BoNT into major salivary glands is the most effective therapeutic option at present. Developing more precise therapeutic choices would help to enhance patients’ quality of life.[2]
Resources[edit | edit source]
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References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 van Wamelen DJ, Leta V, Johnson J, Ocampo CL, Podlewska AM, Rukavina K, Rizos A, Martinez-Martin P, Chaudhuri KR. Drooling in Parkinson’s disease: prevalence and progression from the non-motor international longitudinal study. Dysphagia. 2020 Dec;35:955-61 .Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7669801/ (accessed 9.11.2023)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Srivanitchapoom P, Pandey S, Hallett M. Drooling in Parkinson's disease: a review. Parkinsonism & related disorders. 2014 Nov 1;20(11):1109-18.Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4252747/ (accessed 9.11.2023)
- ↑ Polychronis S, Nasios G, Dardiotis E, Messinis L, Pagano G. Pathophysiology and Symptomatology of Drooling in Parkinson’s Disease. InHealthcare 2022 Mar 11 (Vol. 10, No. 3, p. 516). MDPI.Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8951596/ (accessed 9.11.2023)
