Craniotomy
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Description[edit | edit source]
A craniotomy is an operation where a part of the skull is removed in order to perform surgery on the brain[1]. If the removed part of bone is not put back, the operation is instead called a craniectomy, and the following surgery where the skull is reconstructed is called a cranioplasty[2].
Indication[edit | edit source]
A craniotomy may be used in the treatment and/ or diagnosis of a number of conditions including[3][2]:
- Brain tumours.
- Brain haematoma.
- Aneurysms.
- Blood clots.
- Increased intracranial pressure (ICP), common after traumatic brain injury.
- Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).
- Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs).
- Brain abscesses.
- Dura mater tear.
- Skull fractures.
- Epilepsy.
- To implant stimulator devices for movement disorders.
Types of craniotomy[edit | edit source]
Craniotomies can be classified by the location, size or surgical technique[4]
The location classifications are[5]:
- Frontal
- Temporal
- Parietal
- Occipital
- Pterional (Frontotemporal)
- Suboccipital
- Retrosigmoid
- Orbitozygomatic
The size can range from the smallest, a Burr Hole craniotomy or a keyhole craniotomy, to operations with bone flaps that are multiple centimeters in diameter[4][6].
Another type of craniotomy is an awake craniotomy, where the patient is woken up during the procedure[7].
Post-Op[edit | edit source]
The level of intervention and rehabilitation post craniotomy varies widely, and is influenced by a number of factors including the actual surgery, the condition which is being treated and also the effects of being in hospital[8].
Resources
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References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Brain and Spine Foundation. Craniotomy Factsheet. Available from https://www.brainandspine.org.uk/our-publications/our-fact-sheets/craniotomy/ (Accessed 09/06/2022)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Fernández-de Thomas RJ, De Jesus O. Craniotomy. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2022
- ↑ Johns Hopkins Medicine. Craniotomy. Available from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/craniotomy (Accessed 03/06/2022)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Neurosurgeons of New Jersey. Understanding the Types and Purpose of Craniotomy. Available from: https://www.neurosurgeonsofnewjersey.com/blog/types-of-craniotomy/ (Accessed 09/06/2022).
- ↑ Rao, D., Le, R. T., Fiester, P., Patel, J., Rahmathulla, G. An Illustrative Review of Common Modern Craniotomies. Journal of clinical imaging science. 2020: 10; 81.
- ↑ Nahed B.V., Oglivy C.S., Anterior Circulation Aneurysms. In: Mohr J.P., Wolf P.A., Grotta J.C., Moskowitz M.A., Mayberg M.R., Kummer R.V. (editors). Stroke (Fifth Edition). W.B. Saunders, 2011. p.1301-1321.
- ↑ Medindia. Craniotomy. Available from: https://www.medindia.net/surgicalprocedures/craniotomy.htm (Accessed 03/06/2022).
- ↑ Taylor B.S., Kellner C.P., Connolly, Jr. E. Postcraniotomy Complication Management. In: Lee K.(editor) The NeuroICU Book (Seconds Edition) [Online]. 2017. Available from: https://neurology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2155§ionid=16396534 (Accessed 13/06/2022)
