Computer Vision Syndrome: Difference between revisions

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== Symptoms: ==
== Symptoms: ==
The most common symptoms  are  
The most common symptoms  are<ref name=":3" />


* Eye strain
* Eye strain
* [[Headaches and Dizziness|Headaches]]
* [[Headaches and Dizziness|Headaches]] : most frequently experienced symptom<ref name=":4" />
* Blurred vision
* Blurred vision
* Dry eyes
* Dry eyes
* [[Neck Pain: Clinical Practice Guidelines|Neck]] and [[Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI)|shoulder]] pain<ref name=":1">Randolph SA. [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2165079917712727 Computer vision syndrome. Workplace health & safety.] 2017 Jul;65(7):328-.</ref>
* [[Neck Pain: Clinical Practice Guidelines|Neck]] and [[Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI)|shoulder]] pain
These symptoms are often relieved by rest and stopping computer use <ref>Al Tawil L, Aldokhayel S, Zeitouni L, Qadoumi T, Hussein S, Ahamed SS. [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1120672118815110 Prevalence of self-reported computer vision syndrome symptoms and its associated factors among university students.] European journal of ophthalmology. 2020 Jan;30(1):189-95.</ref>
* Eye redness<ref>Iqbal M, El-Massry A, Elagouz M, Elzembely H. [https://www.journalor.com/index.php/OR/article/view/22479 Computer vision syndrome survey among the medical students in Sohag University Hospital, Egypt.] Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal. 2018 Jan 5:1-8.</ref>
These symptoms are often relieved by rest and stopping computer use <ref name=":4">Al Tawil L, Aldokhayel S, Zeitouni L, Qadoumi T, Hussein S, Ahamed SS. [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1120672118815110 Prevalence of self-reported computer vision syndrome symptoms and its associated factors among university students.] European journal of ophthalmology. 2020 Jan;30(1):189-95.</ref>


The symptoms can be further divided into  
The symptoms can be further divided into  


* Visual symptoms - It includes blurred vision: constant blurred vision, post work distance blur and intermittent blurred vision at near.
* Visual symptoms - It includes blurred vision: constant blurred vision, post work distance blur and intermittent blurred vision at near.
* Ocular symptoms - They include eye strain, itching eyes, burning eyes, foreign body sensation, sore eyes, dysfunction of Meibomian glands<ref>Wu H, Wang Y, Dong N, Yang F, Lin Z, Shang X, Li C. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25144638/ Meibomian gland dysfunction determines the severity of the dry eye conditions in visual display terminal workers]. PloS one. 2014 Aug 21;9(8):e105575.</ref>,excessive tears and excessive blinking<ref>Bogdănici CM, Săndulache DE, Nechita CA. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5710018/#R4 Eyesight quality and computer vision syndrome.] Romanian journal of ophthalmology. 2017 Apr;61(2):112.</ref>
* Ocular symptoms - They include eye strain, itching eyes, burning eyes, foreign body sensation, sore eyes, dysfunction of Meibomian glands<ref name=":3">Wu H, Wang Y, Dong N, Yang F, Lin Z, Shang X, Li C. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25144638/ Meibomian gland dysfunction determines the severity of the dry eye conditions in visual display terminal workers]. PloS one. 2014 Aug 21;9(8):e105575.</ref>,excessive tears and excessive blinking<ref>Bogdănici CM, Săndulache DE, Nechita CA. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5710018/#R4 Eyesight quality and computer vision syndrome.] Romanian journal of ophthalmology. 2017 Apr;61(2):112.</ref>
* Asthenopia -  
* Asthenopia - Weakness of the eyes or vision
* Light sensitivity  
* Light sensitivity  
* [[Musculoskeletal Injury Prevention|Musculoskeletal]]
* [[Musculoskeletal Injury Prevention|Musculoskeletal]]
* General symptoms<ref name=":0" />
* General symptoms<ref name=":0" />


=== Prevalence ===
=== Prevalence and Burden ===


* Globally, over 60 million people suffer from CVS with an incidence of 1 million people yearly.<ref>Ranasinghe, P, Wathurapatha, WS, Perera, YS, et al. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4784392/ Computer vision syndrome among computer office workers in a developing country: an evaluation of prevalence and risk factors.] BMC Res Notes 2016; 9: 150</ref>
* 65% of Americans suffer eye strain when using any form of digital devices. <ref name=":2">Heiting G., Wan L.K. How computer glasses can ease digital strain. Available from: https://www.allaboutvision.com/cvs/. (Accessed on 07/01/2022)</ref>
* 65% of Americans suffer eye strain when using any form of digital devices. <ref name=":2">Heiting G., Wan L.K. How computer glasses can ease digital strain. Available from: https://www.allaboutvision.com/cvs/. (Accessed on 07/01/2022)</ref>
* Asthenopia is most prevalent amongst Mexicans<ref>Sanchez-Roman FR, Perez-Lucio C, Juarez-Ruiz C, Velez-Zamora NM, Jimenez-Villarruel M. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8757544/ Risk factors for asthenopia among computer terminal operators.] Salud pública de Mexico. 1996 May 1;38(3):189-96.</ref>
* Having CVS has been found to result in 4-8% poorer-performance on work-related tasks due to visual problems<ref>Harris MG, Sheedy JE, Gan CM. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1513556/ Vision and task performance with monovision and diffractive bifocal contact lenses. Optometry and vision science]: official publication of the American Academy of Optometry. 1992 Aug 1;69(8):609-14.</ref>
*  
*  


== Causes: ==
== Causes: ==
CVS results from a heightened use of electronic devices such as computers, laptops, smart phones, tablets, e-readers, and even watches.<ref name=":1" /> The texts and images on the screens  of these devices are created by combinations of tiny points of light called pixels. These pixels, which are brightest at the center and lessen in intensity toward the edges, make it difficult for the human eye to maintain focus.<ref>Heiting, G., & Wan, L. K. (2017). Computer vision syndrome and computer glasses: FAQ. All About Vision. Available from: https://www.allaboutvision.com/cvs/ (Accessed on 04/01/2022)</ref>In addition, the following can cause symptoms of CVS:
CVS results from a heightened use of electronic devices such as computers, laptops, smart phones, tablets, e-readers, and even watches.<ref name=":1">Randolph SA. [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2165079917712727 Computer vision syndrome. Workplace health & safety.] 2017 Jul;65(7):328-.</ref> The texts and images on the screens  of these devices are created by combinations of tiny points of light called pixels. These pixels, which are brightest at the center and lessen in intensity toward the edges, make it difficult for the human eye to maintain focus.<ref>Heiting, G., & Wan, L. K. (2017). Computer vision syndrome and computer glasses: FAQ. All About Vision. Available from: https://www.allaboutvision.com/cvs/ (Accessed on 04/01/2022)</ref>In addition, the following can cause symptoms of CVS:
 
* Room illumination
* Use of screen filters
* Screen brightness
* Distance from the screen<ref>Shantakumari N, Eldeeb R, Sreedharan J, Gopal K. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24761249/ Computer use and vision. related problems among university students in Ajman, United Arab Emirate.] Annals of medical and health sciences research. 2014;4(2):258-63.</ref><ref>Kozeis N. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20011087/ Impact of computer use on children's vision.] Hippokratia. 2009 Oct;13(4):230.</ref>


* Poor lighting
* Poor lighting


* Glare and reflection on the screen
* Glare and reflection on the screen
* Improper viewing distances
* Poor posture
* Poor posture
* Uncorrected vision problems
* Uncorrected vision problems

Revision as of 18:28, 7 January 2022

This article is currently under review and may not be up to date. Please come back soon to see the finished work! (7/01/2022)

Original Editor - Franca Ebomah

Top Contributors - Franca Ebomah, Rishika Babburu and Kim Jackson  

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) has become one of the major health issues with the increased use of electronic devices with visual displays. Over 60 million people were estimated to be diagnosed with Computer Vision Syndrome.[1]CVS represents a group of visual and extraocular symptoms associated with the sustained use of visual display terminals.[2]

Symptoms:[edit | edit source]

The most common symptoms are[3]

These symptoms are often relieved by rest and stopping computer use [4]

The symptoms can be further divided into

  • Visual symptoms - It includes blurred vision: constant blurred vision, post work distance blur and intermittent blurred vision at near.
  • Ocular symptoms - They include eye strain, itching eyes, burning eyes, foreign body sensation, sore eyes, dysfunction of Meibomian glands[3],excessive tears and excessive blinking[6]
  • Asthenopia - Weakness of the eyes or vision
  • Light sensitivity
  • Musculoskeletal
  • General symptoms[2]

Prevalence and Burden[edit | edit source]

  • Globally, over 60 million people suffer from CVS with an incidence of 1 million people yearly.[7]
  • 65% of Americans suffer eye strain when using any form of digital devices. [8]
  • Asthenopia is most prevalent amongst Mexicans[9]
  • Having CVS has been found to result in 4-8% poorer-performance on work-related tasks due to visual problems[10]

Causes:[edit | edit source]

CVS results from a heightened use of electronic devices such as computers, laptops, smart phones, tablets, e-readers, and even watches.[11] The texts and images on the screens of these devices are created by combinations of tiny points of light called pixels. These pixels, which are brightest at the center and lessen in intensity toward the edges, make it difficult for the human eye to maintain focus.[12]In addition, the following can cause symptoms of CVS:

  • Room illumination
  • Use of screen filters
  • Screen brightness
  • Distance from the screen[13][14]
  • Poor lighting
  • Glare and reflection on the screen
  • Poor posture
  • Uncorrected vision problems
  • Or a combination of these factors[11]

It is important to note that long computer usage (more than two hours daily) by children may affect normal vision development.[8]

Assessment and Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

A comprehensive subjective and physical examination are required to assess CVS.

Subjective Assessment:

  • History of CVS symptoms
  • General health problems
  • Medication use
  • Environmental factors[11]

Physical Examination:

  • Visual acuity testing
  • Refraction testing
  • Eye movement, focus and synchronization testing[11]

Prevention and Management[edit | edit source]

  1. Education: Patients should on how to avoid eye strain. The 20-20-20 rule is an easy method to do this- take a 20-second break to view something 20 feet away every 20 minutes. Adults with children should also be educated on possible dangers of this condition.[11]
  2. Proper Ergonomics: Computer monitors 4-5 inches below eye level, measured from the center of the monitor and 20-28 inches from the eyes

Resources[edit | edit source]

  • bulleted list
  • x

or

  1. numbered list
  2. x

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Ranasinghe P, Wathurapatha WS, Perera YS, Lamabadusuriya DA, Kulatunga S, Jayawardana N, Katulanda P. Computer vision syndrome among computer office workers in a developing country: an evaluation of prevalence and risk factors. BMC research notes. 2016 Dec;9(1):1-9.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Parihar JK, Jain VK, Chaturvedi P, Kaushik J, Jain G, Parihar AK. Computer and visual display terminals (VDT) vision syndrome (CVDTS). Medical Journal Armed Forces India. 2016 Jul 1;72(3):270-6.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Wu H, Wang Y, Dong N, Yang F, Lin Z, Shang X, Li C. Meibomian gland dysfunction determines the severity of the dry eye conditions in visual display terminal workers. PloS one. 2014 Aug 21;9(8):e105575.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Al Tawil L, Aldokhayel S, Zeitouni L, Qadoumi T, Hussein S, Ahamed SS. Prevalence of self-reported computer vision syndrome symptoms and its associated factors among university students. European journal of ophthalmology. 2020 Jan;30(1):189-95.
  5. ↑ Iqbal M, El-Massry A, Elagouz M, Elzembely H. Computer vision syndrome survey among the medical students in Sohag University Hospital, Egypt. Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal. 2018 Jan 5:1-8.
  6. ↑ Bogdănici CM, Săndulache DE, Nechita CA. Eyesight quality and computer vision syndrome. Romanian journal of ophthalmology. 2017 Apr;61(2):112.
  7. ↑ Ranasinghe, P, Wathurapatha, WS, Perera, YS, et al. Computer vision syndrome among computer office workers in a developing country: an evaluation of prevalence and risk factors. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9: 150
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Heiting G., Wan L.K. How computer glasses can ease digital strain. Available from: https://www.allaboutvision.com/cvs/. (Accessed on 07/01/2022)
  9. ↑ Sanchez-Roman FR, Perez-Lucio C, Juarez-Ruiz C, Velez-Zamora NM, Jimenez-Villarruel M. Risk factors for asthenopia among computer terminal operators. Salud pública de Mexico. 1996 May 1;38(3):189-96.
  10. ↑ Harris MG, Sheedy JE, Gan CM. Vision and task performance with monovision and diffractive bifocal contact lenses. Optometry and vision science: official publication of the American Academy of Optometry. 1992 Aug 1;69(8):609-14.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Randolph SA. Computer vision syndrome. Workplace health & safety. 2017 Jul;65(7):328-.
  12. ↑ Heiting, G., & Wan, L. K. (2017). Computer vision syndrome and computer glasses: FAQ. All About Vision. Available from: https://www.allaboutvision.com/cvs/ (Accessed on 04/01/2022)
  13. ↑ Shantakumari N, Eldeeb R, Sreedharan J, Gopal K. Computer use and vision. related problems among university students in Ajman, United Arab Emirate. Annals of medical and health sciences research. 2014;4(2):258-63.
  14. ↑ Kozeis N. Impact of computer use on children's vision. Hippokratia. 2009 Oct;13(4):230.
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