Cognitive Stimulation Therapy: Difference between revisions
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==== How is Cognitive Stimulation Therapy administered? ==== | ==== How is Cognitive Stimulation Therapy administered? ==== | ||
CST is offered as a group based therapy for patients with dementia with similar cognitive abilities. This program is offered for seven weeks duration for a total of 14 visits. Different topics are covered during these sessions which range from childhood memories, current events and activities like baking, word search etc. The sessions usually start with a warm up song and utilize a reality orientation board with group information which helps to maintain some continuity between the sessions. | CST is offered as a group based therapy for patients with dementia with similar cognitive abilities.The main principle of CST is to offer activities that are fun, patient centric and mentally stimulating.<ref name=":1" /> This program is offered for seven weeks duration for a total of 14 visits. Different topics are covered during these sessions which range from childhood memories, current events and activities like baking, word search etc. The sessions usually start with a warm up song and utilize a reality orientation board with group information which helps to maintain some continuity between the sessions. | ||
CST can be administered in a community setting and in long term care homes. There was a study conducted to see the effectiveness of CST in an inpatient setting. The authors of this study provided a modified CST program for patients with dementia admitted in the hospital. This study found that CST was perceived to be enjoyable for both patients and their caregivers. <ref name=":1">McAulay J, Streater A. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30379561/ Delivery of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy for people with dementia in an inpatient setting (innovative practice).] Dementia. 2020 Oct;19(7):2513-20.</ref>The study also found improved nutritional status as the participants ate together, it also helped improve their ambulatory and transfer status as they were required to get of their rooms to attend the sessions and improved their social interactions. Since the stay in inpatient units are usually short the program was modified to reflect that.<ref name=":1" /> | |||
The premise of CST is to offer mind stimulating activities in a non threatening environment. | The premise of CST is to offer mind stimulating activities in a non threatening environment. | ||
Revision as of 01:33, 29 November 2021
What is Cognitive Stimulation Therapy?[edit | edit source]
Cognitive stimulation therapy or CST is a non-pharmacological,[1] evidence based, approach to treat the complex behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD)[2] seen in patients with dementia.[3] BPSD can range from mood changes, disruptive behaviors, hallucinations, aggression, agitation, sleep disturbance, motor changes, apathy, depression and memory loss.[3]
These behavioural and psychological symptoms are associated with adverse patient outcomes resulting in feelings of isolation and helplessness, increased risk of falls, injuries, and decreased quality of life.[4] Apart from patient outcomes, BPSD is also associated with caregiver burnout and increased hospitalization rates, and admission to skilled facilities.[5]
CST was developed in the UK by Dr. Spector and her team. It is recognized by The National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence ( NICE, UK) as an evidence based psychosocial intervention for the management of mild to moderate dementia which helps to improve patient confidence, cognition, social interaction and quality of life.[6]
How is Cognitive Stimulation Therapy administered?[edit | edit source]
CST is offered as a group based therapy for patients with dementia with similar cognitive abilities.The main principle of CST is to offer activities that are fun, patient centric and mentally stimulating.[7] This program is offered for seven weeks duration for a total of 14 visits. Different topics are covered during these sessions which range from childhood memories, current events and activities like baking, word search etc. The sessions usually start with a warm up song and utilize a reality orientation board with group information which helps to maintain some continuity between the sessions.
CST can be administered in a community setting and in long term care homes. There was a study conducted to see the effectiveness of CST in an inpatient setting. The authors of this study provided a modified CST program for patients with dementia admitted in the hospital. This study found that CST was perceived to be enjoyable for both patients and their caregivers. [7]The study also found improved nutritional status as the participants ate together, it also helped improve their ambulatory and transfer status as they were required to get of their rooms to attend the sessions and improved their social interactions. Since the stay in inpatient units are usually short the program was modified to reflect that.[7]
The premise of CST is to offer mind stimulating activities in a non threatening environment.
- ↑ YY Szeto J, JG Lewis S. Current treatment options for Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease dementia. Current neuropharmacology. 2016 May 1;14(4):326-38.
- ↑ Abraha I, Rimland JM, Trotta FM, Dell'Aquila G, Cruz-Jentoft A, Petrovic M, Gudmundsson A, Soiza R, O'Mahony D, Guaita A, Cherubini A. Systematic review of systematic reviews of non-pharmacological interventions to treat behavioural disturbances in older patients with dementia. The SENATOR-OnTop series. BMJ open. 2017 Mar 1;7(3):e012759.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Ohno Y, Kunisawa N, Shimizu S. Antipsychotic treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD): management of extrapyramidal side effects. Frontiers in pharmacology. 2019 Sep 17;10:1045.
- ↑ Franchi B. Pharmacological management of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research. 2016 Sep;46(3):277-85.
- ↑ Feast, A., Moniz-Cook, E., Stoner, C., Charlesworth, G. and Orrell, M., 2016. A systematic review of the relationship between behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD) and caregiver well-being. International psychogeriatrics, 28(11), pp.1761-1774.
- ↑ Richmond E. Running cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) groups as part of Core Community Mental Health Team (CMHT) work [Internet]. NICE. 2019 [cited 2021Nov26]. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/sharedlearning/running-cognitive-stimulation-therapy-cst-groups-as-part-of-core-community-mental-health-team-cmht-work
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 McAulay J, Streater A. Delivery of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy for people with dementia in an inpatient setting (innovative practice). Dementia. 2020 Oct;19(7):2513-20.
